
DETERMINATION OF LABOUR OUTPUT ON WINDOWS AND DOORS
ABSTRACT
A major element in the success of the construction industry is the accuracy in construction project estimates. Previous researches have shown that most of the output constants used by estimators in the Nigerian construction industry are either derived from experience or are remnants of British colonial heritage. Hence, non-uniform outputs are widely used. The research is aimed at using work study approach to empirically establish labour output for doors and windows fixing in the Nigerian construction industry.
A total of 30 construction sites were observed, 15 each for Kano and Jigawa States for three sizes of doors and three sizes of windows. The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistical analysis. The results of the analysis carried out established general average output values per day of; 12.00 nr, 13.00 nr and 16.00 nr casement windows sizes 1500 x 1200mm, 1200 x 1200mm and 600 x 600mm respectively. While 11.00 nr, 10.00 nr and 11.00 nr steel doors were established for sizes 1200 x 2100mm, 900 x 2100mm and 750 x 2100mm respectively.
A two-tailed t-test analysis was used in assessing the influence of the labour productivity factors on the output of the workers observed. The inferential analysis revealed that mode of employment and experience, significantly affected workers output. Also the findings should serve as an effective baseline for contractors to exploit the output figures extracted according to productivity factors in order to optimize the productivity of their workers and profitability.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The efficiency of the construction industry is heavily reliant on its level of productivity. As noted by Adnan et al(2007), until the productivity level of construction activities is improved, the nation's economy will continue to suffer setbacks. Hence, improving productivity has become a major concern of every profit-oriented organisation (Adnan et al, 2007). An important component of the construction industry productivity is labour. Labour costs represent a considerable proportion of the final cost of a building, usually accounting for between 40 to 60% of the building cost (Butchan et al, 1993). In addition, labour is known to be the most important factor of production since it is the only factor that creates value and sets the general level of productivity (Ameh and Odusami, 2002).
According to Yates and Guhathakurta (1993), labour productivity is the value of gross output per worker, referred to as man-hour or work-hour. It also could be referred to as the careful attempts to measure the physical output of labour taking into account the other factors that affect construction productivity.
Recognising its importance, several studies have focused on the factors that affect labour productivity (Oloko, 1983; Lema, 1995; Yagba and Ayandele, 1999; Ameh and Odusami, 2002; Adnan et al, 2007; Kane et al, 2007). However, none of these studies provides an empirical evaluation of the level and extent of influence of these factors on the productivity of the Nigerian construction labour. Given the importance of such an issue, this research seeks to examine the influence of some productivity factors on labour outputs that were empirically established by the authors for some selected trades, and published elsewhere.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Determination of Labour Output on Windows and Doors can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
![]() | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determination of Labour Output on Windows and Doors" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background …
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
- 2.5 Research Gaps
- 2.6 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determination of Labour Output on Windows and Doors" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Isolation and Characterization of Micro-Organisms” be used as a guide for Public Health Project?
Yes it can be used — The microbial changes which took place during the steeping and storage of pan (ogi) was studied. The steeped water had an initial PH of 6.8 which latter reduced to 4.9 at the end of steeping. The bacterial number for the steeped water ranged from 4.7×104 to 3.2 x 107 cfu/ml while the fungal number ranged from 1.5 x103 to 5.7 x 106 cfu/ml. In the stored pap, pap I had higher count which range from 7.2×104 to 6.0×107 cfu/g while 6.0×107 to 1.6×1011. The fungal count for pap I and II ranged from 8.2 x 105 to 2.5×1012 and 8.2×106 to 3.6×1010 respectively. The bacteria isolated from stee pingwere Lactabacillus species Bacillus specie, Corynebacterium, streptococcus species and clostridium species. The fungi …
Can the material for “A Comparative Study of Students’ Performance in WAEC and NECO Chemistry” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — This study presents the findings of the relationship between students’ achievement in Chemistry conducted by the West African Examination Council (WAEC) and the National Examination Council (NECO) in four selected secondary schools in Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The analysis showed that there is significant positive relationship between chemistry in all the selected schools contrary to the hypothesis that says there is no relationship in WAEC and NECO chemistry results in the schools. It is therefore recommended that students should develop more interest in sitting for either of the two examinations since they produce equivalent results. …
Is the topic “Design and Development of Data Warehouse for Accident Cases and Causes for Road Safety in Nigeria” recommended for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — A data warehouse is a repository for all data which is collected by an organization in various operational systems; it can be either physical or logical. The aim of the study is to design and develop a data warehouse for accident cases and causes for road safety in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will provide an efficient way of record keeping using the rubrics of database (set of integrated files) in the Federal Road Safety Commission and provide information which will serve as an aid in knowing the various causes of several accident incidences. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system …
Can this topic “The Effect of Early Childhood Education on the Cognitive Development of Primary One Pupils” be used for Early Childhood and Primary Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study attempted to investigate the effects of early childhood education on the cognitive development of primary one pupils in Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State. In this study, extensive and relevant literature review was carried out under related sub-headings. The descriptive research survey was used in this study in order to carry out the objective assessment of the opinions of the respondents selected for this study. In addition, the questionnaire was adopted for the collection of data necessary for this study, while the sampling technique was applied in selecting the samples for this study. In total, four null hypotheses were generated and tested in this study, with the application of both the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the t-test …
Can the material for “Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated with Hawked Suya Meat” be used as a guide for Microbiology Project?
Yes it can be used — Suya meat is produced by smoking the raw beet with the addition of some spices, salt, oil, groundnut cake and flavors, the meat is first sliced into smaller pieces and the spices are rubbed onto it, it is later oven dried or over local source of heart. This allows the meat to get dried properly with the right taste before is gold to the consumers. The study examines the Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated with Hawked Suya Meat. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to isolate, microbial species associated with suya meat, identify the microbial species associated with the suya meat, and isolate and identify the common spoilage organisms of suya meat often production …
Is the topic “Effects of Truancy on Academic Performance of Primary School Pupils” recommended for Education Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research work was carried out to examine the effects of truancy on academic performance of primary school pupils in Edati Local Government area of Niger State.The research methodology utilizes descriptive statistics with simple numbers and percentages in the analysis and synthesizing of primary sources of data collected via questionnaire, as well as diverse literature on the area of study. Chi-square was used in the testing of hypothesis posited. However, this study revealed that; that truancy hinders effective learning and could lead to poor academic performance of truants. It is therefore, recommended that, there should be enlightenment campaigns by government agencies, and non-government organizations for parents and children on the dangers inherent in truancy, and that the school authority and teachers …
Is the topic “Detection and Prevention of Financial Fraud in Nigerian Banks” recommended for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — Fraud is an inherent vice. It has been on from time immemorial even before the invention of money. However, in our yet developing world with the quest to become rich quick on the increase, fraud is becoming rather rampant. Banks deal essentially in cash and other financial instruments and because of that it has been exposed to greater risk of fraud. The attention of many have been drawn to the banks either directly or indirectly. Most people/workers look up to the banks to rise up to their problems. With such motives some workers go to the banks disappointed. Not getting so much as thought, most of them decide to make away with what they can at the slightest opportunity. Nigeria’s depressed economy …
Can the material for “Evaluation of Calcium in Cheese for Recommended Dietary Allowance” be used as a guide for Agricultural Engineering (AE) Project?
Yes it can be used — Cheese, a popular food across many cultures has been subject of many studies. It’s of many variants, providing huge nutritional value to humans. One of those many nutrients is calcium. Calcium helps the body in building bone structures amongst other important functions. In this study, we aimed at determining the proportion of calcium content in cheese. Thus, recommending a daily intake of cheese for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium. Samples of Cheese were collected from five zones in the Lagos environs. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Titrimetric methods were used for determining the calcium content. The two methods used in this analysis have showed to be appropriate for the determination of calcium in cheese. From the results, the calcium …
Can the material for “The Effect of Training and Development on Employees’ Performance in Financial Institution of Nigeria” be used as a guide for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research focused on the effect of Training and Development on Employees’ Performance in Financial Institution of Nigeria with reference to First Registrars of Nigeria) also attention was drawn on certain specific areas of workers performance. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) along with percentage mean items, factors analysis were used to analyze eighty (80) questionnaires while ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. There is increasing awareness of the need for staff training and development in the context of many firm’s development activities through the adoption of systematic approach in accessing the training needs of their workers which should be programme in line with set objectives. Proper staff selection methods should be adopted, while close job analysis followed by …
Can this topic “Dangers of Drug Abuse among Youth in Nigeria” be used for Medical and Health Science Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Drug abuse among Nigerian youth has been a scourge to the overall sustainable development of the nation. The study was carried out to identify the Dangers of Drug Abuse among Youth in Nigeria. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to ascertain the relationship between drug abuse and the youth psychological behavior and find out the impacts of drug abuse among youth in Nigeria. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 133 (one hundred and thirty three) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested …