DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY OF SACHET AND BOREHOLE WATER
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to determine the Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water using Ikole North local government area as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the alkalinity levels in commercially available sachet and borehole water and determine the concentration of alkalinity in borehole and sachet water. Studies have shown that alkaline water helps neutralize acids in the body and allows for the free passage of substrate. The alkalinity of selected sachet and borehole water in Remo land were determined and the water samples were subsequently alkalised with the use of energy cup. The untreated SW4 sachet water has the highest pH meter value of (7.2) and a pH colour chat value of (8.0) while the treated SW3 had a pH meter value of (9.9) and a pH colour chart value of (9.5) respectively. The untreated borehole water samples of BW2 has the highest pH meter value of (6.0) and pH colour chat value of (6.0) while the treated BW1 and BW2 has the highest pH value of (9.2) each and pH colour chat value of (8.0) respectively. The experiment however highlighted the high acidic content of SW2 for sachet water, with pH of (5.2) and BW2 for borehole water, with pH of (4.8), asserting the high acidic contents. Drinking such water could pose dangerous health risks to consumers of the water. There is a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies to ensure production of high quality sachet waters which have the WHO standard pH of 6.5 to 8.5, although the normal pH of pure water should be 7. This study will be of immense benefit to academic students and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Production and sale of sachet water, popularly called “pure water” in Nigeria, is presently a lucrative business, therefore many people are involved in the production and marketing of the product. Water is one of the most important as well as one of the most abundant compound on earth, and is vital to the survival of any organism (Tortora et al., 2002).Water in nature is seldom totally pure. Rainfall is contaminated as it falls to earth (Ajewole, 2005). The combustion of fossil fuel put sulphur compounds as being responsible for pollution of rain water by precipitation (Edema et al., 2001).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Research hypothesis and questions, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Parameters Tested in Sachet Water
- 2.4 Possible Contamination of Sachet Water
- 2.5 Comparison of Tap Water and Bole Hole Water
- 2.6 Factors Affecting Tap and Bole Hole Drinking Water Quality
- 2.7 Effects of Unsatisfactory Tap and Bole Hole Water
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Area of Study
- 3.3 Collection of Samples
- 3.4 Preparation of Samples
- 3.5 Apparatus and Reagents
- 3.6 Methods of Analysis
- 3.7 Determination of the Alkalinity of the Water Samples
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determination of Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Parameters Tested in Sachet Water
- 2.4 Possible Contamination of Sachet Water
- 2.5 Comparison of Tap Water and Bole Hole Water
- 2.6 Factors Affecting Tap and Bole Hole Drinking Water Quality
- 2.7 Effects of Unsatisfactory Tap and Bole Hole Water
MATERIALS AND METHODS
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Area of Study
- 3.3 Collection of Samples
- 3.4 Preparation of Samples
- 3.5 Apparatus and Reagents
- 3.6 Methods of Analysis
- 3.7 Determination of the Alkalinity of the Water Samples
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Results
- 4.3 Discussion of Findings
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Determination of Alkalinity of Sachet and Borehole Water" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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