DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE AUTOMATED WATER BILLING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Automated Water Billing Software is a special program designed to store and manages the records of all the billing activities of a water supply company. The aim of the study is to design and implement An Online Automated Water Billing System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will capture water billing details to database and compute water bill accurately. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the manual approach of billing customers is associated with numerous errors and mistakes and difficulty to accurately compute water bills. Also, the delay involved in obtaining reports that pertain to water bills. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The significance of the study is that it will provide a more accurate and reliable approach to the computation of water bills as well as the storage and retrieval of bill records of consumers. The expected result is An Online Automated Water Billing System that will Present reports of water billing and the system will generates an accurate bill for payment purpose.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
An Online Automated Water Billing Software is a special program designed to store and manages the records of all the billing activities of a water supply company. It helps to save the record of consumers, cashiers and monthly bills. Effective billing and collection systems are a critical component for ensuring the viability of a service provider. Improving billing and collection activities has an immediate impact on the revenue streams of a service provider that can, in turn, help the service provider in improving services. However, while effective billing and collection practices depend on many internal factors(including customer databases, the extent of metered and unmetered service provision, tariff and billing structures, delivery of bills, and facilities for customer payments), the institutional arrangements under which service providers operate and provide services determine whether such practices will remain sustainable in the long term. Efficient billing and collection practices can set incentives for the provider to effectively charge and collect gas bills while also fulfilling a commercial orientation to services (Wikipedia, 2021).
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of Study
Water billing utility service is a system that allows the process of paying and receiving bills online. Bills or invoices are generated digitally by computers and software applications. Water billing is not only the generation of e-bills, but also the system that allows these bills to be paid electronically. Water billing is a fundamental component of modern finance and is leveraged by both accounts payable (AP) and accounts receivable (AR) departments to help automate workflows and reduce reliance on paper-intensive processes. Water billing is a bill payment method in which a customer can pay bills electronically over the Internet to an entity or organization. It is widely accepted by many government entities and other organizations. Due to multiple benefits provided by electronic billing, it is one of the most preferred methods of bill payment. Water billing or electronic bill payment and presentment, is when a seller such as company, organization, or group sends its bills or invoices over the internet, and customers pay the bills electronically. This replaces the traditional method where invoices were sent in paper form and payments were done by manual means such as sending cheques.
This was invented alongside emails, internet banking, and accounting software in the wake of the Information Age; water billing has been in the public sphere for the past few decades. The highly manual process of invoice review was therefore transposed into standards and software that required law firms to deliver billing information to their clients in electronic format using a third-party system. This then gave the in-house lawyer the tools to analyze Water billing information and take appropriate action usually related to saving external costs.
The relevance fact with most of this water boards is that they deal with many of consumers, the notification of consumers on their monthly bills which is very difficult using the paper system of keeping records of billing, where the cashiers has to go round to distribute bills. Monthly report is also very important in order to allow the organization to make further decisions based on the success or failure recorded in a month. Water Board is an organization that deals with several paper works and ledger cards in saving records. These records increase every day as transaction is always going on in the organization. As the record increases, information saving, retrieval and maintenance is becoming tedious every day.
Financial barriers to water billing were common, particularly in smaller corporate and firms. A water billing implementation was time, resource and cost heavy, and this cost continued beyond implementation. Costs of Water billing included set up, licenses, and the resources required to run Water billing from an IT (Information Technology) and administrative perspective. In law firms, they may face billing department reshuffling, overhauling of processes for uploading bills and managing queries and rejections and even investment in additional systems to support Water billing, such as practice management systems that could produce matter and timekeeper lists and time recording.
1.3 Statement of Problem
The following problems were identified to be faced by water billing companies like Akwa Ibom Water Company:
- The manual approach of billing customers is associated with numerous errors and mistakes.
- It is difficult to accurately compute water bills.
- Delay in getting reports that pertain to water bills.
- It is difficult to get accumulated bills from customers as tracking payments manually is difficult.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to design and implement an Online Automated Water Billing System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will:
- Capture water billing details to database.
- Compute water bill accurately.
- Present reports of water billing.
1.5 Significance of Study
The significance of the study is that it will provide a more accurate and reliable approach to the computation of water bills as well as the storage and retrieval of bill records of consumers. The study will also serve as a useful reference material for other researchers seeking related information on water billing.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the design and implementation of an Online Automated Water Billing System, a case study of Akwa Ibom state water company.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Definition of Terms
Billing: This is the process of preparing or sending invoices.
Invoice: An invoice is a document that lists the products and services a business provides to a client and establishes an obligation on the part of the client to pay the business for those products and services.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
- 1.9 Organization of the Research
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Theoretical Review
- 2.2.1 Type of Water Billing System
- 2.2.2 Data Communication System
- 2.2.3 Data Logger Software for Regional Billing Office
- 2.2.4 Domestic Water Billing
- 2.2.5 Internal Structure of Digital Meter
- 2.2.6 Counting Mechanism for Water Supply Billing
- 2.2.7 Digitization of Water Billing Mechanism
- 2.2.8 Pulse Conditioning
- 2.2.9 Calculating the Water Consumption
- 2.2.10 Online Billing Systems (Electronic Bills)
- 2.2.11 Features of Online Bills
- 2.2.12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Billing Systems
- 2.3 Review of Related Works
- 2.4 Summary of Literature Review and Knowledge Gap
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
- 3.1 Methodology Adopted
- 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
- 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
- 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
- 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
- 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
- 3.3 Feasibility Study
- 3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
- 3.3.2 Technical Feasibility
- 3.3.3 Operational Feasibility
- 3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System
- 3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
- 3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
- 3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System
- 3.5 Functional Requirements
- 3.5.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
- 3.6 Data Requirements
- 3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 4.1 Objectives of the Design
- 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
- 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
- 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
- 4.4 System Specification and Design
- 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
- 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
- 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
- 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
- 4.6 Program Documentation
- 4.7 Implementation Techniques
- 4.8 Programming Module Specification
- 4.8.1 Installation
- 4.8.2 Security Design Specification
- 4.8.3 System Architecture
- 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
- 4.10 Software Requirement
- 4.11 Personnel / User Training
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Design and Implementation of an Online Automated Water Billing System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Background of Study
- 1.3 Statement of Problem
- 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
- 1.5 Significance of Study
- 1.6 Scope of Study
- 1.7 Limitations of the Study
- 1.8 Definition of Terms
- 1.9 Organization of the Research
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Theoretical Review
- 2.2.1 Type of Water Billing System
- 2.2.2 Data Communication System
- 2.2.3 Data Logger Software for Regional Billing Office
- 2.2.4 Domestic Water Billing
- 2.2.5 Internal Structure of Digital Meter
- 2.2.6 Counting Mechanism for Water Supply Billing
- 2.2.7 Digitization of Water Billing Mechanism
- 2.2.8 Pulse Conditioning
- 2.2.9 Calculating the Water Consumption
- 2.2.10 Online Billing Systems (Electronic Bills)
- 2.2.11 Features of Online Bills
- 2.2.12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Billing Systems
- 2.3 Review of Related Works
- 2.4 Summary of Literature Review and Knowledge Gap
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
- 3.1 Methodology Adopted
- 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
- 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
- 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
- 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
- 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
- 3.3 Feasibility Study
- 3.3.1 Economic Feasibility
- 3.3.2 Technical Feasibility
- 3.3.3 Operational Feasibility
- 3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System
- 3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
- 3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
- 3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System
- 3.5 Functional Requirements
- 3.5.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
- 3.6 Data Requirements
- 3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 4.1 Objectives of the Design
- 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
- 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
- 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
- 4.4 System Specification and Design
- 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
- 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
- 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
- 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
- 4.6 Program Documentation
- 4.7 Implementation Techniques
- 4.8 Programming Module Specification
- 4.8.1 Installation
- 4.8.2 Security Design Specification
- 4.8.3 System Architecture
- 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
- 4.10 Software Requirement
- 4.11 Personnel / User Training
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Design and Implementation of an Online Automated Water Billing System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
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