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Design and Implementation of Computerized Tourism Information System

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTERIZED TOURISM INFORMATION SYSTEM


ABSTRACT

Tourism is traveling for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. The aim of this study is to Design and Implement a Computerized Tourism Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will ascertain the core problems and offer useful/meaningful suggestions to alleviate these problems affecting Enugu state tourism board, provide a web-based bus ticket reservation function where a customer can buy bus ticket through the online system without a need to queue up at the counter to purchase a bus ticket and Provide ability of tourist to cancel their reservation. The motivation that led to this study is that the major problem is the slow response, time in handling enquires and making bookings. Both customers and travel agents complain of the difficulty telephony time continuously engaged. This often causes customer to book their tour through other tourism operators, causing a loss of profit, due to the inefficiency of the current system there is a tendency for are craft seats and hotel accommodation to be either over booked or not booked at all. The methodology adopted in this study is the object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. This project will be of benefit to Road Transport Companies, and Logistics Companies. The expected result is a Computerized Tourism Information System that will give information about trip schedule, seat, hotel reservation and type of buses available for dispatch and the system will enable information to be retrieved at real-time.


CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Tourism is the vehicle through which the culture, nature and history of a given society or location is appreciated by people of diverse nations. Tourism is traveling for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel (Wikipedia, 2021). Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Tourism is the collective name use in deserving the body that is responsible for providing welfare, hospitality, recreation etc. to visitors who have come to their area of jurisdiction for vocational holiday, business pilgrimage etc. The body that is charged with this responsibility is the Nigeria Tourism Board (NTB) at the Federal level with some state having their own state tourism boards of which Enugu State is one.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.


1.2 Background of Study

The 21st century is the era of information economy. It is not the capital but the information knowledge plays a decisive role in the information society. With economic development and social progress, people’s material and cultural standard of living continues to improve and leisure time continues to increase, tourism has become increasingly popular as a kind of leisure way. The number of tourists steadily increases. On the one hand, it promotes the vigorous development of tourism; on the other hand, it also brings new challenges to the traditional tourism management. There is the urgent need to improve management efficiency and modernization of industry standards.

The application of the use of the computer in almost all facet of human endeavour cannot be our stressed. Since the introduction of the microcomputer, the world of office automation has changed and will continue to be changing with modernization made to the present ones. We are trying to see the impact, the computer will make to tourism. The various service industries associated with tourism would therefore derive immense benefits from the application of IT in tourism. Therefore, the important contribution which tourism plays in the computation of the national gross domestic product cannot be over emphasized judging from available data.

In this case, the geographic information system combined with multimedia information system applied to tourism management is the preferred platform of tourism information. It can provide considerable travel management technology to ensure the effective and scientific tourism management. And it can enable more tourists to use the Internet to find travel information they need. Compared to the traditional access to travel information, the way that gets the travel information by the network is not only fast, informative, new content, but also low-cost and loved by the majority of young tourists, which greatly facilitates the travel of people and promotes the further development of the tourism industry. On the basis of geospatial data, supported by computer hardware and software, it collects, inputs, manages, edits, queries, models and displays spatial data. By using space model analysis method, it timely offers a variety of spatial and dynamic information to set up the computer technology system in order to serve Geography research and decision-making. Due to its efficient data management, spatial analysis, multi-factor comprehensive analysis and dynamic monitoring capabilities, it becomes an effective management decision-making tool, widely used in land management, urban planning, disaster prevention and mitigation, real estate development, commercial and other areas.


1.3 Statement of the Problem

Investigation reveals the problem of the existing system which entails that the major problem is the slow response, time in handling enquires and making bookings. Both customers and travel agents complain of the difficulty telephony time continuously engaged. This often causes customer to book their tour through other tourism operators, causing a loss of profit, due to the inefficiency of the current system there is a tendency for are craft seats and hotel accommodation to be either over booked or not booked at all. A system is required to overcome those problems but attempting to design a system to eliminate such weakness it is necessary to analyse the system using structural methodology. Because of the complexity of Enugu State tourism board, efforts have been made to find out the major cause of ineffectiveness in Enugu State tourism board.


1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The main aim of this study is to Design and Implement a Computerized Tourism Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will:

  1. Ascertain the core problems and offer useful/meaningful suggestions to alleviate these problems affecting Enugu state tourism board.
  2. Provide a web-based bus ticket reservation function where a customer can buy bus ticket through the online system without a need to queue up at the counter to purchase a bus ticket.
  3. Provide easy bus ticket payment by obtaining a bank pin after payments is made to the various designated banks.
  4. Provide ability of tourist to cancel their reservation.
  5. Make the system secured by limiting user privileges in updating and canceling payment, route and vehicle records.

1.5 Significance of Study

This research survey identifies the need of developing and promoting a comprehensive Computerized Tourism Information System web portal of various bus operators in Nigeria. This study explores views from the bus ticketing company’s as the service providers and the customers as the system users upon the adoption of this system.

The Road Transport Company’s, the survey conducted identifies the responds received from the passengers on the current available system in the market, the cost-effectiveness of developing and maintaining this system and the usage of reports from the system. On the other hand, the survey conducted on the system users identifies the awareness of the current system and the willingness to transform from practicing the conventional (manual) method of over the counter for booking of bus tickets to the modern method of purchasing through a web portal.


1.6 Scope of Study

The study focuses on the Design and Implementation of a Computerized Tourism Information System.


1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

  1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
  2. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
  3. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
  4. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

  1. Information: Facts or knowledge provided or learned.
  2. Travel: To be on a journey, often for pleasure or business, and with luggage; to go from one place to another.
  3. Rate: To assign or to be assigned a particular rank or level.
  4. Ticket: A piece paper or card holder that gives right to admission to a place or event or travel on public transport.
  5. Reservation: The action of reserving/booking or arranging for use of a particular person.
  6. Cancellation: The act of deciding that (a planned event) will not take place.
  7. Bus: A large motor vehicle carrying passengers on a fixed route.
  8. Postponement: An act of arranging for (something) to take place at a time later than that first scheduled.
  9. System: A complex whole; a set of things working together as a mechanism or interconnecting network.
  10. Data: Facts and statistics used for reference or analysis.
  11. Record: A piece of evidence about the past, especially a written or other permanent account.

1.9 Organization of Research

This research work is organized into five chapters.

  • Chapter one is concerned with the introduction of the research study and it presents the preliminaries, theoretical background, statement of the problem, aim and objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, organization of the research and definition of terms.
  • Chapter two focuses on the literature review, the contributions of other scholars on the subject matter is discussed.
  • Chapter three is concerned with the system analysis and design. It presents the research methodology used in the development of the system, it analyses the present system to identify the problems and provides information on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed system. The system design is also presented in this chapter.
  • Chapter four presents the system implementation and documentation, the choice of programming language, analysis of modules, choice of programming language and system requirements for implementation.
  • Chapter five focuses on the summary, constraints of the study, conclusion and recommendations are provided in this chapter based on the study carried out.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Background of Study
  • 1.3 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
  • 1.5 Significance of Study
  • 1.6 Scope of Study
  • 1.7 Limitations of the study
  • 1.8 Definition of Terms
  • 1.9 Organization of Research

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Conceptual Review of Tourism Information System
  • 2.3 Definition of Tourism
  • 2.4 Road Transport Management Information System
  • 2.5 Concept of E-Commerce
  • 2.6 Road Transport Business to Passenger (B2P)
  • 2.7 Decision Support System of Tourist Road Transport
  • 2.8 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.8.1 Road Transport Security
  • 2.8.2 Payment for Booking Road Transport
  • 2.8.3 Road Transportation Booking Portal
  • 2.8.4 Booking and Ticketing System
  • 2.9 Empirical Review

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

  • 3.1 Methodology Adopted
  • 3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
  • 3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
  • 3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
  • 3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
  • 3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
  • 3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
  • 3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
  • 3.4 Functional Requirements
  • 3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
  • 3.5 Data Requirements
  • 3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

  • 4.1 Objectives of the Design
  • 4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
  • 4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
  • 4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
  • 4.4 System Specification and Design
  • 4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
  • 4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
  • 4.4.3 Data Dictionary
  • 4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
  • 4.6 Program Documentation
  • 4.7 Implementation Techniques
  • 4.8 Programming Module Specification
  • 4.8.1 Installation
  • 4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
  • 4.10 Software Requirement
  • 4.11 Personnel / User Training

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Summary
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • 5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”

APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”


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