DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED ACADEMIC LIBRARY INFORMATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

A library can be defined as a room or building where books are kept and referenced. It is an area of multifarious activity on book management. The aim of the study is to design and implement A Computerized Academic Library Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will provide a better way of avoiding loss of books in the library, solve the problem of delay in locating books and assist the Liberian to carry out library operations more effectively. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that in the existing library systems there is unnecessary delay in library processes, high cost of staff recruitment, inefficiency in library operation and maintenance and error prone operations/processes. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The study gave birth to a new system Digital Library Services System) designed to bring efficiency in the library system operations. It will eliminate some of the problems associated with the old (manual) system of library management, which include cost of equipment and staff maintenance and also allow institutions to manage the affairs of libraries easily. The expected result is A Computerized Academic Library Information System that will improve the academic and computerized knowledge base of both users of the library and librarians and reduce the verbal words between the library users and the attendance.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

A library can be defined as a room or building where books are kept and referenced. It is an area of multifarious activity on book management. A library as a repository of knowledge, houses collections of books, both reference and general, technical reports, periodicals, journals, conference proceedings and the likes; the truth and knowledge can be found and acquired from the library through the aforementioned sources. The information contents of any of the collections can be recorded on microfilms, audiotapes, microchips and other materials traditionally kept in the library, which is charged with the responsibility of acquiring, organizing, maintaining, and judicial circulation of the books and other library materials through the various sections of the library, for efficient use of the library by the users.

The acquisition, cataloguing, bindery and circulation sections of the library undertake the acquiring, organizing, maintaining and circulation of the books/library materials respectively. When the library through the acquisition section of the library acquires a book, its record is taken and accession number is given to the book after which the book will be sent to cataloguing section of the library. The circulation section is responsible for circulation or distribution of books.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

Libraries originated with writing about 6000 years ago and that was when writing was being done using materials like bones, clay, wax, papyrus, metals, silk, leather, parchment, paper, and other available materials. Later, these materials were assembled together to form libraries.

Among the earliest libraries were ANCIENT LIBRARIES OF CLAY, which emerged in Iraq and other Mesopotamian region like Syria and Turkey. In these libraries, records were kept on clay tablets. Within that period were also ANCIENT LIBRARIES OF ANIMAL SKIN and ANCIENT LIBRARIES OF PAPYRUS of which Alexandria libraries in Egypt were the examples. These libraries invariably were connected with temples, for these institutions were the centers of the whole life of the whole communities.

Moreover, it is widely believed that the private and institutional libraries are traceable to Egypt and Greece respectively, and the emergence of public libraries started in Rome. Libraries studies was given a boost by Julius Caesar during the first century of the Roman especially with his conferment of the Franchise privilege on all foreign teachers of liberal education residing in Rome. However, it was Augustus, who succeeded Caesar that gave a greater impact to scholarship development. He founded the first public libraries in Rome (69 − 70 AD). He established a library in the temple of peace, which formed the nucleus of a school of higher learning at a later time.

The history of library development in Nigeria is of recent vintage. In fact, the earliest library in Nigeria was Tom Jones Library, which was established in 1910. That was the first public subscription library in Nigeria. The beginning of academic library was marked in Nigeria with the founding of Yaba Higher College in 1948. Later on the British council took over the library sense with the foundation of the first municipal council library in Lagos, and established British council libraries in various parts of the country.

Unfortunately, these became a great loss of library stock after the Nigerian Civil War, and the federal government then took it as part of its rehabilitation effort in promulgating the National Library’s decree of 1970, which provided for the branches to be set up in every state of the federation. Hence repealing the former National Library Act 1964; within the first decade of its existence, the National Library has succeeded in stock over 75000 volumes, 2000 period leads, 150 Newspapers and became a depository for the United Nations Organization (UNO) and its agencies.

With the increase in establishment of universities all over the country, the government of Nigeria also sees the essence of providing library in every institution of learning. Now, Nigeria can boast of libraries in all the higher institutions of learning, almost all the academic establishments and even private and public establishments. There are also National and state libraries throughout the states of federation. But all these libraries have one problem in common; the backwardness in the automated library world.

1.3 Statement of Problem

Investigation revealed that in human endeavors, there are a lot of developments, researches, and discoveries, which result in multifarious production of publications and library materials. These have brought increase in complexity of library system and its operations.

Based on these, a number of problems are facing the library systems, which include:

Unnecessary delay in library processes.
High cost of staff recruitment and maintenance.
Error prone operations/processes.
Inefficiency in library operation.
Too many paper work and replication of data on multiple pieces of paper.
Unreliable card catalogue system.
Mutilation of books by students i.e. students tear/hide books.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to design and implement a Computerized Academic Library Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will:

Provide a better way of avoiding loss of books in the library.
Solve the problem of delay in locating books.
Assist the Liberian to carry out library operations more effectively.
Eliminate manual operations in the library.
Achieve high efficiency in the library services.

1.5 Significance of Study

The study gave birth to a new system Digital Library Services System) designed to bring efficiency in the library system operations. It will eliminate some of the problems associated with the old (manual) system of library management, which include cost of equipment and staff maintenance and also allow institutions to manage the affairs of libraries easily.

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of Study

The scope of the research is focused on the Design and Implementation of a Computerized Academic Library Information System. This research looks into the processes involved in keeping tracks of the books in the library system. The researchers concentrated on the operations going on in the Acquisition, cataloging and most especially, circulation sections in the library.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

This study will not look in detail into other sections of the library except the only three sections aforementioned. The intuitive works like reading of a book before classification and technical work like ownership stamping conveyance of books etc, this section is not part of this study. During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

Visual Library System: It is an application or program designed by researchers to manage library operations. It is a program designed with a visual programming language in which the user will make use of a mouse in operating. It is event driven and objects appear in their visual forms to the user.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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Preliminary Pages,
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References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of Study

1.3 Statement of Problem

1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Scope of the Study

1.7 Limitations of the Study

1.8 Definition of Terms

1.9 Organization of the Research

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Conceptual Review

2.2.1 School Library Applications

2.3 Historical Review of Library

2.4 Types of Library

2.4.1 Academic libraries

2.4.2 Children's Libraries

2.4.3 National Libraries

2.4.4 Public Lending Libraries

2.4.5 Digital libraries

2.5 Library Management System Web Portal

2.5.1 Types of Library Management System Web Portals

2.6 Database for Student Library Web Portals

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Methodology Adopted

3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM

3.2 Analysis of the Existing System

3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System

3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System

3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System

3.3 Feasibility Study

3.3.1 Economic Feasibility

3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

3.3.3 Operational Feasibility

3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System

3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System

3.4.2 Advantages of the Proposed System

3.4.3 Justification of the Proposed System

3.5 Functional Requirements

3.5.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges

3.6 Data Requirements

3.7 High Level Model of the Proposed System

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Objectives of the Design

4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model

4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram

4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart

4.4 System Specification and Design

4.4.1 Input and Output Specification

4.4.2 Database Specification and Design

4.4.3 Data Dictionary

4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language

4.6 Program Documentation

4.7 Implementation Techniques

4.8 Programming Module Specification

4.8.1 Installation

4.8.2 Security Design Specification

4.8.3 System Architecture

4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement

4.10 Software Requirement

4.11 Personnel / User Training

4.12 File Maintenance Module

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”

APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”

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