DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPREHENSIVE GRADE POINT COMPUTATION SYSTEM (CGPA)

ABSTRACT

Comprehensive Grade Point Average (CGPA) Computation System is the process of calculating students GP and record in the primary, secondary school and higher institution of learning. This project deals with the calculation of Grade Point (GP) in higher institution. The existing method in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri is the tedious manual process therefore the write up consists of detail of grade point and the various problems associated with it. The objective of this project now is to provide a more authentic reliable and efficient Grade Point Average Computation System to minimize the errors and the tedious nature of the manual system. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that grades are not based on effort, instead they are based on actual performance, the overall course grade is based on the combination of three grades, short papers, longer written project and essay examination written outside of the classes there will be two of these: written answers to study questions quiz and other similar short projects. The methodology adopted in this study is the object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The importance of this study is prominent with the current method of calculation of grade point and it suggest a completely efficient and reliable approach that will be of immense benefit to most higher institution in general especially, federal polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo State. Actually, this study would go a long way to improving their services by exposing and crating awareness of computer application.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Comprehensive grade point computation is a system by which the result of student is computerized. Grade computation and analysis is obviously not an easy task that would survive the use of manual filling operation and mechanical operation alone. This problem prompted the need for a computerization and analysis of grades. Consequently, this will affect the prompt release of result of student and improve the grading system by its standard. One indisputable face about our present society is the independence of electronic grading, so much of the work done in the past has been heavily laid on electronic therefore taking the community into an electronic system will be a better approach. The electronic grading system is aimed at equipping students and lecturers at the diploma level with the ideas on an easy and fast means to load and access student record as well as compute the student grade using computer.

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

The letter grade are not base on effort instead they are based on actual performance. Grade computation and analysis is obviously not a task that will serve the use of manual filling of operations and mechanical operations alone. The overall cause grade is base on the combination of four grades. These will be based on evaluation of four different sort of written work student will be expected to complete in his course.

General Description of Grading System

There are basically four descriptions of the grading system:

Short paper: Two of these will be assigned each about a page in length.
Long written project: Two of each of these, will be about five or six pages in length.
Easy examination written outside of the classes: There will be two of these.
Written answer to study question, quiz and other similar short project.

In grading the student result, “A” means that the work is judged to exceptionally of high quality, going beyond what is needed to minimally acceptation “A” level work shows factual accuracy, originality in thought. The “AB” also work but cannot be compared to the “A” level. “B” level work but not consistently, or to some extent (it may lack originality a deep factual thought, yet it is acceptable). The “C” level means that the work is acceptable, i.e., it meets the basic standard level work in terms of relevance, factual accuracy and log real but cannot be compared with the above mentioned grades. The grade “D” means that the work does not meet the standards for acceptable college grade and does not exhibit some positive qualities that indicate that it deserve some credit done. The grade “F” means that the work is so weak that it does not meet college level, credit work was not computed.

What is Electronic Grading?

The electronic grading is the act of making processes self acting or moving. Also, it pertains to the techniques of making a device, machine process (say computer) to automatically generate result based on input data. An electronic grade system need industrialized processor greater reliability and often for cost effectiveness.

An electronic is a self controlling or moving process and self driving computing method from which human initiative has been excluded and an interruption of the process in informative situation intended of humans is achieved. An electronic is generally characterized by two major principles:

Mechanization: This is to say, machines are self regulating so as to meet predetermined time (a sample example of self regulation can be formed in the operation of a thermostatically controlled furnace)

Continue Process: This is production facilities are linked together, thereby integrating several separate elements of productive process into a united whole.

How Is It Important To Federal Polytechnic Nekede?

The computerized grading system is of great importance to federal polytechnic Nekede, Owerri just as explained earlier about electronic or industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operation, the following are the numerous benefits accruing from a computerize system.

Substitution of human labour and skills with machinery self regulating device or computers in the school.
Calculating and cumulating the end of the year GPA of the student’s grade in the school with computer system.
The replacement of human workers by machine, the system transfers human effort to machine without significant human intervention of operation in order to improve performance.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The students Comprehensive Grade Point Average (CGPA) Computation System generation are done manually in Federal Polytechnic Nekede long before now. The manual method of Comprehensive Grade Point Average Computation result processing and generation are prone to error, result to an inaccurate students' result.

The problem is to investigate the way the computer science department in federal Polytechnic Nekede prepare the grade point processing and analyze the system, design and implement a new computerized system that would timel6y and effectively process and transmit data.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to Design and Implement a Comprehensive Grade Point Average (CGPA) Computation System using Computer Science Dept, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To examine the existing system in an attempt to identify its problems and the system required as to surface with relevant facts that will be of help in the design of a computer based.
To develop a Comprehensive Grade Point Average computation system that will help management in the computation and preparation of a computer based package for student's grade point.
To design an application software that will hasten the rate of computing students Grade and scores thereby the manually records and statistics department labour function eliminated.
To system will serve as a relief to tedious repetitive clerical work in preparation of grade Point average computation

1.5 Significance of Study

This study will produce a computer based program that will be used in student’s record handling and computation of grades of students. Thus, the package is poised to present an easy processing of student record and grading in federal polytechnic Nekede, Owerri. It saves the students and lecturers so that there will be no waste of time in reviewing any of the student files.

The package shades light to the relevance of computer and it’s accessories as opposes to the manual file processing system and data storage.

This will be a very good help to the lecturers and head of departments (HOD) for efficient computation of students records and grading. Hence it is authentically narrowed to source the problems of the manual system.

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the Design and Implementation of Comprehensive Grade Point Average (CGPA) Computation System using Computer Science Department in Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri as a case study. It is of great important to the management of the school and the record of computer science department. This goes a long way to helping stop those problems that prove detriment to the calculation of student's grade point (G.P).

1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are mainly due to time limit and difficulties in data collection this study has been limited to computerization of exam score/grade point (G.P) for morning and evening program students. The program is under the security of the following:

Computer science Department
Exam Records, Grade Computation
School of Engineering Technology.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Registration: This means to keep records received from the management for reference purposes.

Certificate Number (Code): An Assign Numeric data added to each certificate to uniquely identify each certificate.

Management: It is the co-ordination of all the resources of an Organization through the process of planning, Organization, directing and controlling

System: Physical component of a computer that is used to perform certain task.

Data: Numbers, Text or image which is in the form suitable for Storage in or processing by a computer, or incomplete information.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Study
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Limitations of the study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Student Grade Point Certification
2.3.1 Certification
2.3.2 Verification
2.4 The Concept of Registration
2.4.1 Online Registration
2.4.2 Usage of Online Registration Forms
2.5 Web Portal
2.5.1 Types of Web Grade Point Computation Portals
2.6 Database for Student Web Grade Point Computation Portals
2.6.1 Merits of Integrating Databases in Web Grade Point Computational Applications
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology Adopted
3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System
3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
3.4 Functional Requirements
3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
3.5 Data Requirements
3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Objectives of the Design
4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
4.4 System Specification and Design
4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
4.4.3 Data Dictionary
4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
4.6 Program Documentation
4.7 Implementation Techniques
4.8 Programming Module Specification
4.8.1 Installation
4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
4.10 Software Requirement
4.11 Personnel / User Training
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”

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