DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF GARI FRYING MACHINE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
Cassava which is known biologically as “manihotesculentacrantz” is a crop which has many varieties. Cassava, is a perennial woody shrub in the Euphorbiaceous (Spurge family) native to South America, but now grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas worldwide for the edible starchy roots (tubers) which are a major food source in the developing world, in equatorial regions including Africa, South America, and Oceania. Also known has yucca, manioc, and tapioca.
It is a major food crop in Nigeria (kim, 2009). It supplies about 70% of the daily calorie of over 50 million people (Agbetoye, 1999) and about 500 million people in the world. It is a basic staple food to more than 70% of Nigerian population and it is consumed at least once every day (Njoku and muoneke, 2008). It was probably the emancipated slaves who introduced the cassava crop into southern Nigeria, as they returned to the country from South America via the Islands of Sao Tome and Fernando Po. At that time there was Portuguese colonies off Nigeria shores (Ekanem, 1962). Cassava, however, did not become important in the country until the end of the nineteenth century when processing techniques were introduced, as many more slaves returned home.The cassava root is long and tapered, with firm, homogenous flesh encased in a detachable rind, about 1mm thick, rough and brown on the outside. Commercial varieties can be 5cm to 10cm in diameter at the top and around 15cm to 30cm long (FAO, 2003).
The cultivation of the cassava crop is by the propagation of stem cuttings. Roots can be harvested between 6 months and 3 years after planting depending on the cassava variety. It is rich in carbohydrates, calcium, vitamin B and C, and essential minerals.
The roots are dug up from the soil, removed from the plant and washed before being processed.
Gari is a processed fermented product from cassava and is consumed in Nigeria as well as in most countries of the West African coast and in Brazil.
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cassava is mainly a subsistence crop grown for food by small Scale farmers, who sell the surplus(IITA, 2003). It grows well in poor soils (IITA, 2011). Nigeria is currently thelargestproducerof cassava in the world with an annual production of over 34 metrictons (Mt) of tuberous roots (FAO, 2002).Gari is a widely consumed Nigerian food; an estimated 4.2 million tons were produced in 2009 (NBS 2010).
Cassava is largely consumed in many processed forms in Nigeria. Its use in the industry and livestock feed, is well known, but is gradually increasing, especially as import substitution becomes prominent in the industrial sector of the economy. As a cash crop, cassava generates cash income for the largest number of households in comparison with other staples (Adeniji, et al, 2011). Currently, quality of gari can be enhanced by adding few drops of palm oil. At the end of the frying operation, the product is still hot and a little bit damp. It is then allowed to cool and dry in a cool dry shade, until the moisture content is reduced to 12% (Gbasouzor, et al., 2012).
Earlier designs on gari production machines did not produce the desired and acceptable cassava product for the producers and consumers. The designs of these machines did not take into account the specifications of the existing local technology. It has been quite difficultto mechanize this operation correctly and rightly because this operation was not well understood by many designers and manufacturers. Some have erroneously assumed garification to be the same as dehydration while others had taken it to be roasting. Before the construction and development of ESUT (2015) model, a lot of research were carried out ranging from the village technique, improved traditional methods and mechanized methods designed by different research institutions, universities and companies. It was discovered that village technique gives the best quality gari. The question is how this village technique can be simulated and mechanized using the same method to achieve the same or better quality of the product.
ESUT (2015) model is a batch process like the village technique. It has an aluminum frying pan in place of cast iron pan used in village technique. A paddle is connected directly in the frying pan to an electric motor through a shaft to eliminate human hand used in stirring cassava mash in the village method.
The aluminum frying pan is used, because it disperses heat faster than the stainless steel and does not buckle under high temperature. There is a charcoal chamber at the bottomof the fryer thatis fed with charcoal used in frying the gari. The chamber is constructed using metal rods, each separated from each other by a distance of 20mm. The ashes from the burnt coal, falls to the bottom of the fryer.
The aluminum frying pan is located inside mild steel and the distance between the frying pan and mild steel is reinforced using fiberglass to prevent the escape of heat from the frying chamber. A blower of one horse power is used to blow/fan the charcoal chamber, to heat up the ignited charcoal and to avoid the nuisance of smoke. An exhaust pipe is connected to the charcoal chamber, to remove smoke from the charcoal chamber. The system has good electrical connections that sense the quantity of heat in use to the temperature gauge allows the operator to vary heat during frying and permits the machine to automatically turn off when there is excess current and load.
After frying, the discharge port is opened to allow the fried gari to leave the machine; another batch of cassava mash is introduced into the machine by the operator who monitors the entire process. These components are all contained in a control box.
1.2 Objective Of The Project
The main objective of this project is to design and construct a functional and cheap batch process gari frying machine
1.3 Conditions Necessary
To achieve the above objectives, the following conditions must be met:
- Adequate agitation and processing in order to achieve uniform heat circulation.
- Ensure that the final product is cooked and dehydrated
- Avoidance of caking of the cassava mash.
1.4 Scope Of The Project
The garification process (gari frying), is not a straight forward drying process (Igbeka, 1995). The product is first cooked with the moisture in it and then dehydrated. The sieved cassava grit is spread thinly in the pan 3-5kg per batch, the paddle helps to stir the gari constantly to prevent the food produce from getting burnt, until frying is complete, when it reaches a temperature of 80 to 85oC, the rapid heating partially gelatinize the gari, which is dried during the operation of frying; the moisture content of dewatered and sieved cassava mash is between 40 to 45% which has to be reduced to 10-12% moisture content in a time of 15 minutes.
A mechanical “garifier” or a mechanized system of frying and drying, usually takes the form of an aluminum drum or trough, paddles fixed to a steel shaft and rotating on the axis of the drum, the rotating paddles sweep the gelatinizing mesh from the trough wall to prevent sticking and burning and at the same time to move the material through the chamber to the discharge port, or outlet.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Design and Construction of Gari Frying Machine can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Design and Construction of Gari Frying Machine" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is the topic “Impact of Tax Reforms on Economic Growth of Nigeria” recommended for Accountancy / Accounting Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This research examined the Impact of Tax Reforms on Economic Growth of Nigeria. Specifically, attempt was made to verify the relationship between federally collected revenue and specific tax revenue generation sources. The study employed annual time series data spanning the years (2005-2014). The various income taxes were used as a proxy for tax reforms and GDP as a proxy for economic growth. The research adopted developmental research design. Data was basically collected by secondary means through Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and the FIRS Guage. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested with the used of regression analysis and T-test. Based on the result of the analysis, the three null hypotheses were rejected and the alternate hypotheses accepted. It was thereby …
Can the material for “Literature in Northern Nigeria: Language and Popular Culture” be used as a guide for Literature in English Project?
Yes it can be used — This essay delves into the study of literature in northern Nigeria. The study discusses the scope of literature, the region of Northern Nigeria and aspects of its popular culture, and finally goes ahead to examine the socio-political issues captured in Abubakar Gimbar’s Inner Rumblings. It concludes that the literature of Northern Nigeria still needs to be explored to the fullest by the activities of Northern Nigerian writers so as to bring it to the fore of Nigeria and the world at large. …
Can the material for “Assessment of the Agricultural Commodity Export and Nigeria Economic Development” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — This research work investigates if there is a significant long – run relationship between cocoa exports and economic growth in Nigeria. The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of Agricultural Commodity Export and Nigeria Economic Development using Cocoa Export and Economic Development in Nigeria (1980 to 2020) as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following objectives were laid out to empirically determine the effect of cocoa exports on the growth of the economy, investigate the relationship between cocoa export and economic growth in Nigeria, and examine the impact of cocoa export on the growth of the economy. The study covers the periods between 1981 to 2014. The underlying models are the export led growth, …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Network Traffic Monitoring System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Network Activity Monitoring system is a powerful tool that allows one to track any local area network, giving you the most detailed information on when, how and what your network users do on daily basis. If it is a library public network, university or commercial organization network, Activity Monitor offers efficient control. Tax revenue has been reliable from time, from where government rely for decision making, and aids for development and administrative planning, hence there is need for optimum human resource of the organization or ministry; for it’s considered to be their most valuable asset if properly harnessed and are well motivated to perform their assigned tasks so as to enhance the organizations goals and objectives. The methodology adopted in …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of an Integrated Multimedia Tourism System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — The 21st century is the era of information economy. With economic development and social progress, people’s material and cultural standard of living continues to improve and leisure time continues to increase, tourism has become increasingly popular as a kind of leisure way. The geographic information system applied to tourism management is the preferred platform of tourism information. On the basis of introducing the concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multimedia Information System, this project work illustrates the role that the geographic information system and multimedia information system plays in tourism management. Tourism has a strong geographical attributes. And GIS itself is information system offering services to geographic research and decision-making, which can play a role in tourism management. In …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Transcript Generating System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Transcript is the summary of each of the two-year performance either in (OND) ordinary National Diploma or (HND) higher national diploma. The aim of this study is to design and implement Computerized Transcript Generating System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application software that will Provide security measure to check students mischievous act of changing marks on the result sheet., and reduce in the amount of resources, which in turn will lower the cost of processing of student’s transcripts, since information will be stored in a database with reduced data Redundancy. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is as a result of the …
Can the material for “Emerging Challenges Facing Office Technology and Management of Students in Information Technology Era” be used as a guide for Office and Information Management Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to determine the Emerging Challenges Facing Office Technology and Management of Students in Information Technology Era students in Federal Polytechnic Nekede owerri. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to determine the Impact such emerging technologies would have on the productivity of the students and identify what special training that is needed by the students to meet these emerging technologies. The target population used for the study was 100 students from different levels in Office Technology and Management department. The sample study was the same in order to avoid sampling bias. The instrument used in this study was questionnaires and the study was divided into four research questions. The mean scores …
Can this topic “Need for Effective Stores Security in an Organization” be used for Purchasing and Supply (PS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This project is made up of five chapters which contains different information about the project. The need for effective stores security in an organization. The importance of stores security was examined with the aim of profitability towards the organizational industries. To carry out research work, a total of one hundred (100) industrial buyers were used as sample which was drawn Iko Ekpene / Aba express road, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom state. To gather date, personal interview and two sets of questionnaires were used one of industrial user and the other or staff. In the analysis of the results, percentage was used while chi-square technique is adopted in testing at 5% level of significance. The hypothesis tested, showed that the need for …
Can the material for “Bureaucracy and Efficiency” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This research project is on Bureaucracy and efficiency (A case study of Enugu State civil service). It is been carried out to assess the level of efficiency in the bureaucracy and the functions of the bureaucracy. It is hoped that the study will help to educate civil servants on their expected roles and factors that can make them to be more efficient in the delivery of social service to the citizenry. The work contains five chapters. The researcher adopted the bureaucratic theory as theoretical frame work. The bureaucratic theory lays emphasis on the adherence of the idea type principles of bureaucracy as advocated by Max Weber. In the course of the research work, the researcher discovered several issues about the …
Can the material for “Politics of Poverty Reduction in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This study titled “Politics of Poverty Reduction in Nigeria” A study of the activities of Ebonyi State Community Poverty Reduction Agency” (EB-CPRA) in Abakaliki LGA was carried out. The broad objective of the study is to ascertain the effects of politics on poverty reduction in Nigeria with specific focus on Ebonyi State Community Poverty Reduction Agency (EB-CPRA). The study was based on descriptive research survey design. Data for the study were generated through both primary and secondary sources. In the field survey, copies of structured questionnaire were distributed to a sample size of 370 respondents through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The data collected were analyzed that tables, frequencies and simple percentages. The chi-square statistical tools was adopted in testing the …