DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) RECEIVER

ABSTRACT

Frequency Modulation (FM) is that type of modulation in which the frequency is varied in linearly with a message or baseband signal about a modulated carrier frequency. The study was conducted to Design and Construct a Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to understand the underlying principle of FM demodulation, provide adequate knowledge of signal reception which is an important process in telecommunication and put into practice, the practical and theoretical skill acquired in circuit and components designed and analysis.

Broadcast band frequency modulation (FM) receiver came into existence as a substitute and alternate to amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast band which has the problems of noise and fidelity. Although the title alludes to simplicity, the design and construction of this project FM Receiver is not uniformly simple. The designs generally have a considerable component counts. However, the construction of this project is a bit far from simple.

This write-up is a composite of five chapters fully developed to provide an overall knowledge of the concept termed “frequency modulation (FM) Receivers”. Chapter one is the introductory part which explains the meaning and concept of FM receiver. Chapter two is the literature review. Chapter three is the main body of the write up which explains the nature principles and working of the individual stage involve in the circuit of the FM receiver constructed.

Finally chapter fiver is the conclusion and recommendation drawn from the overall analysis of the write-up.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Frequency Modulation (FM) is that type of modulation in which the frequency is varied in linearly with a message or baseband signal about a modulated carrier frequency. Broadcast band frequency modulation (FM) receiver came into existence as a substitute and alternate to amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast band which has the problems of noise and fidelity. The modulated signal is received through the receiving antenna from the medium and then applied to the FM receiver where the signal frequency is demodulated. Then the original electrical signal is inverse transduced by the output transducer like amplifier box, speakers etc. which converts the electrical signal into sound or it can be further processed (Moumita and Rumpa, 2015).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

Receiver is generally an electronic equipment that accepts, transforms and outputs an enveloped signal into a form that could be noticeable and meaningful to human senses. A radio receiver is therefore the one that will output an audible sound signal for human usage. A radio receiver must perform a number of functions. First, it must radio signals. It will then amplify the wanted signal to a usable level. Finally, the receiver must recover the information signal from the radio carrier and pass it on to the user via a speaker. Hence an FM receiver is a receiver that decodes a required frequency modulated (FM) radio signal from among group of signal.

The essential process involve in FM receiver operation is demodulation or detection of an already frequency modulated signal. FM receiver employ a special detector for FM signals and exhibit a phenomenon called capture effect, where the tuner is able to clear and receive the stronger of two stations being broadcast on the same frequency. As a common problem, frequency drift or lack of selectivity may cause one station or signal to be suddenly overtaken by another on adjacent channel selectivity.

Compared to AM receiver, FM receiver has some advantages. The signal-to-noise ratio can be increased without increasing transmitted power rather at the expense of an increase in frequency bandwidth required; interference are more easily suppressed and modulation process can take place at low –level power stage in the transmitter, thus avoiding the need for large amounts of modulating power.

Therefore, in Nigeria where the research was carried out, the activities that was conducted is to Design and Construct a Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver.

1.3 Statement of Problems

Investigation reveals that FM receivers are however a complex equipment demanding high power supply, high voltage system design, critical maintenance and exorbitant price. These problems of the FM receiver constitute major impediments to institutions and individuals that may wish to adopt radio broadcast as means of electronic media.

These problems of the FM receiver constitute major impediments to individual and institution that may wish to adopt radio broadcast as means of electronic media. The private individual and organizations lack resources to purchase and maintain complex transmitting plant whose price is exorbitant and requires critical maintenance.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study

The aim of the study is to Design and Construct a Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:

To understand the underlying principle of FM demodulation.
To design and construct an FM radio receiver.
To provide adequate knowledge of signal reception which is an important process in telecommunication.
To put into practice, the practical and theoretical skill acquired in circuit and components designed and analysis.

1.5 Significance of Study

This study will be of immense benefit to engineering students and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of Study

The scope of the research is focused on the Design and Construction of Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

Modulation: This is the process of combining an audio frequency (AF) signal or the modulating wave with a radio frequency (RF) carrier wave. The resultant wave produced is called modulated wave.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

Design and Construction of Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Statement of Problems
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Limitations of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Review of Modulation
2.2.1 Need for Modulation
2.2.2 Frequency Modulation (FM)
2.3 Overview of Demodulation
2.4 Historical Review
2.5 Autodyne and Superheterodyn Technologies
2.6 Digital Technologies
2.7 Types of Radio Receivers
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Method
3.3 Design Techniques
3.4 Principle of FM Detection
3.5 Circuit Description
3.6 Working of the Circuit
3.7 Materials Employed
3.8 Project Construction
3.9 How the Receiver Works
3.10 Explanations
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Circuit Analysis
4.3 Mathematical Expression of FM Wave
4.4 Testing Analysis
4.5 Advantages of FM Over AM
4.6 Disadvantages of FM
4.7 Comparism between FM and AM
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Design and Construction of Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “Contrastive Analysis of the Morphemes of the English and Igbo Languages” be used as a guide for Igbo Project?

Yes it can be used — Since Language occurs in a great range of modalities; for example, it is encountered in scientific formulas as pure description unconditioned by time and place, and ideally conveys nothing about the individual who constructed it. This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting the processes of morphemes of both English and Igbo languages. The method of data analysis was contrastive, since this research is a contrastive study of morphemes of English and Igbo languages. The various rules and processes of the formation of words via morphemes was identified and classified for the purpose of contrastive studies. In trying to find out the similarities and differences, English and Igbo morphemes were compared so as to postulate the degree of possible interference the …

Can the material for “The Effect of Employee Participation in Decision Making on Productivity” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?

Yes it can be used — This study is primarily concerned with findings out The Effect Of Employee Participation In Decition Making On Productivity . Six research questions were constructed to guide the study. The subject consisted to Chief Executives, Middle and operational level managers of private and public organisations. The questionnaire used for the survey contained twenty-two questions. The data collected were analyzed, Using Yaro Yamane and burleys proportional allocation formula. The result of the research revealed that high productivity has a great effect on worker over – all behaviours and productivity. It was clearly dis – covered that high productivity schemes in organisations have a great effect on worker lateness to work, absenteeism, employee hospital bill, teamwork, initiative and work efficiency, among others. The implication of the …

Can the material for “Internal Control System as a Means of Preventing Fraud in Financial Institution” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — The focus of this work is to examine the importance of controlling fraud internally in financial institution through some tactic measures, a case study of First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Benin. Fraud in financial institutions in particular and in organizations in general has been a major challenges and threat to the growth and development of organization/ institutions and the country in general. It is an undisputable fact that many financial institutions has failed in the past and some are staggering today because of their inability to manage and control fraud internally in their institutions. Therefore this very work aimed at providing necessary hints for financial institution on how to carry out effective measures in curbing internal fraud in order to achieve organizational …

Can the material for “The Role of Dry Construction in Ensuring Affordable Houses in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Architecture Project?

Yes it can be used — The study of the role of dry construction in ensuring affordable houses in Nigeria, will educate professionals in building technology and other stakeholders in the building industry on the need for active innovative development with the use of dry construction system with the view of ensuring the provision of affordable houses for Nigerians. Housing is a basic need for sophisticated existing from one of those basic social conditions that determine the quality of life and welfare of people and places. Affordability is measured in terms of disposable income and affordable housing is categorized in terms of cost of a house, as a proportion to the total income of a household. Various researchers are of the opinion that with the demand …

Can the material for “The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison and Kaine Agary’s Yellow Yellow” be used as a guide for English Language Project?

Yes it can be used — The research work reviews the historical encounter between the whites and Africans and argues that the challenges or problems evident in the black society at present are as a result of the white m also looks into the social values and system of meaning that promotes male dominance and demeans the woman. …

Can the material for “A Systemic Functional Analysis of English Mood System in Selected Dramatic Texts” be used as a guide for English Language Project?

Yes it can be used — The research is titled: A Systemic Functional Analysis of English Mood System in Selected Dramatic Texts. The study seeks to investigate the extent to which Shaw‘s and Osofisan‘s choices and thestructures of the elements of mood system in their texts, Arms and the Man and Women of Owu affect their abilities to express the interpersonal meanings they set out to convey. The work specifically sets out to analyse the structures of mood system in independent clauses equivalent to simple sentences, identify their types, and indicate whether there is a substantial difference in the ways Shaw, a playwright from Ireland where English language is generally used as the first language and Osofisan, a playwright from Nigeria where English is used as …

Can this topic “The Attitude of Students Towards Vocational Subjects in Selected Secondary Schools” be used for Education Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study set out to find out the effect of gender, parental background and teachers’ personality on students’ attitude to vocational subjects in selected secondary schools in Yewa South Local Government of Ogun State. This is because vocational subjects having been accorded the prime place in the new National Policy on Education and its enforcement at Junior Secondary School level, is not embraced by students after the Junior Secondary. The study sample is made up of 200 students (100 male and 100 female) randomly selected from ten secondary schools in Yewa − South Local Government. Four hypothesis were tested. The design of the study was survey which involved the use of questionnaires to elicit responses for data collection. The findings among …

Can the material for “The Role of Commercial Bank in Financing Agricultural Project” be used as a guide for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?

Yes it can be used — Financing agricultural project is the gradual nurturing embellishing to a large, matured and organized state of the human aspect of labour in any organization in order to make him be acquainted with his duties and this make him perform effectively in his duties towards playing a role in this subject. Banks have gone a great extent in training his staff through different means of off the job. On the job, sending to seminars and conferences.etc. Financing agricultural programmes for instance the financing of MBA programmes in banking and finance of the university of Ibadan, have made evaluation of this programmes through scrutinizing the balance sheets of their customers and finding the attributes of financing agricultural in the increased profit and have …

Can the material for “An Assessment of Tourism Potentials” be used as a guide for Urban and Regional Planning (URP) Project?

Yes it can be used — Tourism as an agent of development, leads to a lot of benefit?s, Nigeria as a country richly endowed with a wide range of cultural and natural resource's relative to other nation's in Africa and on a global level, most of which are largely untapped. There are many approaches to assess these resource potentials of which studies have been done in some parts of the world. but despite the availability of these potentials in Kaduna state, the level of tourist influx still remains low, which forms the basis of this study, to assess the tourism potentials, there challenges and prospects in Kaduna state. Opinion's of experienced tourist, experts in different fields of study, were sampled with questionnaires at different potential spot's to …

Is the topic “Management Reforms and Its Effect on Public Enterprise Performance” recommended for Public Administration (PA) Project?

Yes it is highly recommended — Public enterprises in Nigeria Have not lived up to expectations. Rather, their existences have been counterproductive to the very reason they were established. They have been regarded as inefficient, ineffective and unproductive among the numerous factors affecting public enterprises in Nigeria, this study specifically singled out management as the major problem. Thus, this study examines the management related issues of public enterprises in Nigeria. It was discovered in this study that some negative management practices as well as undue government interference have been detrimental to the performance of public enterprises. Hence, Privatization and commercialization were recommended as the way out for the underperforming public enterprises. Also, it was recommended that more policies were needed to wither down excessive government control …