DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC FENCE LIGHT CONTROLLER
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to design and construct an automatic fence light controller. The very fundamental reasons behind this project assignment is to expose student to the very important aspect of private and independent research work not only theories but also subsequent translation of theoretical research work into a particular function system. The project construction of automatic fence light controller has been done primarily as a photo type design it could be further modified suit the situation where it will be used e.g when used to activate an alarm the led could be further modified to suit the situation where it will be used e.g when used to activate an alarm the led could be replaced with a relay and feedback resistor removed (for greater sensitivity).
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
The demand for electronic equipment in our everyday activities is sharply rising beyond our imagination and comprehension. In this modern age where electronic take the upper hand pleasure can be achieved or fatigued performing a particular duty can be made easier using electronic equipment. All these are as a result of advancement in technology especially in electronics field and its application. The pace at which this advancement is taking place is uncontrollable supersonic. The sophistication of these equipment in market tells the capability of the electronic equipment. But however complex and sophistical the basic principles and component do not change greatly. It is because of this wide application of electronics that has brought the idea of choosing a project work as to produce equipment that will eliminate labour (human action) and could equally control the system as desire even in the absence of the user.
As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.
1.2 Background of the Study
This research work titled the project construction of automatic fence light controller. An automatic fence light controller is an electro – electric device designed to trigger a relay to operate an AC lamp at Sunset. The lamp remains on till morning and then turns off. This eliminates the need of switching the fence lamp daily and also helps to light the premises of the house when the occupants are out of station (Engineersgarage, 2021).
Automatic fence light controller needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF when there is need for light. It detects itself whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the light gets OFF (Engineersgarage, 2021).
In this project we use light detecting resistor as a light sensor for detection of high level or low level of voltage to energise the relay coil which is used to interface the control circuit with the external light source. Wastage of power is not desirable in any system. So it is very much economic to have this arrangement so that power is not wasted during day time where manual operation is not possible. Though, we can use it in our daily life for the betterment of our system. In order to solve this problem, an automatic fence light controller was designed. This device saves the occupant the labour of going to-and-fro and saves electric energy in that it switches ON the light during dark hours and switches OFF the light during daylight (Engineersgarage, 2021).
1.3 Statement of Problems
Investigation revealed that fence light controller is not maintenance-free, unfortunately. Even with easy-care materials, an individual still need to keep an eye out for any signs of problems of fence lights. Traditionally, a fence light which is a security light is switch ON in the night/dark hour and switch OFF in the morning by the occupant of the light, and sometime the occupant of the house will forgets to switch the light ON/OFF and this leads to waste of energy or leaving the environment in darkness.
1.4 Aim and Objectives of Study
The aim of the study is to design and construct an automatic fence light controller. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows:
- To design an automatic fence light controller
- To construct an fence light that will be automatically controlled
- To design and construct a device that can be used to trigger a relay to operate security AC lamp at Sunset.
1.5 Significance of Study
This study will be of immense benefit to Electrical Engineering and other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.
1.6 Scope of Study
The scope of the research is focused on the design and construction of automatic fence light controller.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
- Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
- Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
- Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
1.8 Organization of Research Work
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this research work, the research work is organized sequentially as follows:
- Chapter one of this research work is on the introduction to fence light controller. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of fence light controller were discussed.
- Chapter two is on literature review of fence light controller. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
- Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
- Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
- Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
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