COMPUTERIZATION OF AN ONLINE POINT OF SALES (POS) SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Point of sale (POS) refers to the place where a customer executes the payment for goods or services and where sales taxes may become payable. The aim of the study is to design and implement a web based Point of Sale System for FPNO bookshop. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows that will develop an application software that will provide full functional reports to management and control the existing system errors made by human beings due to shortcomings. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the job of preparing sales record is tedious causes delay and the method encourages fraud figures are easily manipulated and changed. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. Moving from a cash register machine to a computerized POS system is very significant to any retail sales of business activities because the return on investment and benefits to your business in the area of stocks processing, accountability and accurate data collation for effective management of the business. This project will be of benefit to Enterprises, Shopping Malls/Supermarkets and many large companies like; waste companies, and Power holding companies. The expected result is an electronic billing system that will provide a fast and accurate way of auditing records and full functional reports to management.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Point of sale (POS) refers to the place where a customer executes the payment for goods or services and where sales taxes may become payable. It can be in a physical store, where POS terminals and systems are used to process card payments or a virtual sales point such as a computer or mobile electronic device (Investopedia, 2021). POS systems saves money, provides productivity gains, and can cut down the amount of time you spend away from the primary focus of your business. This POS System Buyer's Guide will walk you through the process of evaluating multiple POS vendors and choosing the right system (Petee, 2005).

As a prelude to other parts of this study, this chapter will discuss the background upon which this study was initiated, the statement of problems that led to this study, the Aim and Objectives of the study. Others are Significance of the study, Scope of work, Limitations of the Study and Definition of technical terms.

1.2 Background of Study

One of the great recent advances in the world of information technology is the rapid development of communication which has brought world into a global village, we can send mails electronically (e-mail), search for information (WWW), buy goods online (e-commerce), withdraw transfer money (e-banking), schooling online (e-learning), this has affected the society positive to a great extent, as result computerization of sales should not be exempt Application of technology in Sales has been adopted in developed countries for over two decades now, and this has been attributed to the desire of the governments of these countries to improve the efficiency of their goods and services, processes, accountability. Switching from a traditional cash register to a computerized POS system can be difficult - there are many factors to consider and some pitfalls to avoid. However the return on investment and benefits to your business can really make it worth your time and effort. In the most basic sense, a computerized POS system is a glorified cash register.

The most basic sales system consists of a computer, a cash drawer, receipt printer, a monitor, and an input device such as a keyboard or scanner. However, in addition to being more efficient than cash registers, sales systems can create detailed reports that can help you make more informed business decisions. Sales systems saves money, provides productivity gains, and can cut down the amount of time you spend away from the primary focus of your business. This POS System Buyer's Guide will walk you through the process of evaluating multiple POS vendors and choosing the right system.

1.3 Statement of Problem

Over the years, manual method of generating receipt of payment. This method has its problems. It has been proven to be very ineffective and inefficient. Some of the problems are

The job of preparing sales record is tedious causes delay.
As a result of the problem above, manual methods have a lot of discrepancies and raise doubts in the voucher.
This method encourages fraud figures are easily manipulated and changed.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to design and implement a web based Point of Sale System for FPNO bookshop. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows that will develop an application software that will:

Provide full functional reports to management
Provide a fast and accurate way of auditing records
Control the existing system errors made by human beings due to shortcomings.
Ensure the problem accoutered in recording information is highly minimized.

1.5 Significance of Study

Moving from a cash register machine to a computerized POS system is very significant to any retail sales of business activities because the return on investment and benefits to your business in the area of stocks processing, accountability and accurate data collation for effective management of the business.

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This project covers federal polytechnic bookshop for school of industrial and applied science the design will only cover the sales, stock supplier section, of the bookshop.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:

Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1.8 Definition of Terms

Accounts receivable: Amounts owed to a business (an asset), usually by customers who purchased goods or services on credit.

Additional markdown: An increase of a previous markdown to further lower the selling price.

Address Verification Service (AVS): A service that reduces credit card fraud by verifying the cardholder's address information when the physical card isn't available to swipe through an MSR device (e.g., as with telephone orders). AVS processing doesn't affect whether the charge is approved. Instead, AVS indicates whether or not the address provided by the customer matches the address on file with the credit card company so that the merchant can decide whether or not to process the charge.

Adjustment: An increase or decrease to the quantity indicated in the retail software package. The adjustment ensures that the records in the retail software match the actual physical quantity in inventory.

Bar Code: information encoded into a rectangular bar shape, this information can be read by special device.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

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Preliminary Pages,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Statement of Problem
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.5 Significance of Study
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Limitations of the Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptual Review of Point of Sale (POS)
2.3 Theoretical Framework
2.3.1 An Overview of Point Of Sales
2.3.2 The Benefits of POS
2.3.3 Concept of Hospitality POS and Retail POS Systems
2.3.4 Retail POS Systems
2.3.5 Hospitality POS System
2.3.6 Overview of Sales Systems
2.3.7 Advantages of Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)
2.4 Empirical Review
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology Adopted
3.1.1 Problem Identification Using SSADM
3.2 Analysis of the Existing System
3.2.1 Dataflow of the Existing System
3.2.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System
3.2.3 Weakness of the existing System
3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System
3.3.1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System
3.3.2 Advantages of the Proposed System
3.3.3 Justification of the Proposed System
3.4 Functional Requirements
3.4.1 Use Case Diagram Of The Admin / User Privileges
3.5 Data Requirements
3.6 High Level Model of the Proposed System
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Objectives of the Design
4.2 Cohesion and Decomposition High level Model
4.3 Control Center / Overall Dataflow Diagram
4.3.1 Proposed System Operation Flowchart
4.4 System Specification and Design
4.4.1 Input and Output Specification
4.4.2 Database Specification and Design
4.4.3 Data Dictionary
4.5 Choice and Justification of Programming Language
4.6 Program Documentation
4.7 Implementation Techniques
4.8 Programming Module Specification
4.8.1 Installation
4.8.2 Security Design Specification
4.8.3 System Architecture
4.9 Computer Hardware Minimum Requirement
4.10 Software Requirement
4.11 Personnel / User Training
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”
APPENDIX B - “OBJECT PROGRAM”

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