ASSESSMENT FOR CONTROLLING OF DAMPNESS IN AN EXISTING BUILDING IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the Assessment for Controlling of Dampness in an Existing Building in Nigeria. The study came as a result of the prevalent issues in the number of cases of building collapse in Nigeria especially in Lagos State. The descriptive research design was adopted for carrying out this study. Data were collected and analysed with the use of SPSS. The study had the following as the research objectives to identify the prevalence of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria, survey the effects of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria, and to inquire the reasons for dampness in an existing building in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
A building delivered to the satisfaction of the client is one that is accepted as being of high standard and built using good machineries. This is bound on the premises of estimated cost. Recently, the Nigerian construction industry is currently witnessing a number of high-profile building collapses especially in Lagos State. During this year, the property and environment column of the Vanguard Newspaper emphasized the prevalent of collapsed building in all the nooks and crannies of the country, with Osun State inclusive. Building collapse is an occurrence that is beyond technological and scientific explanation. There can be no failure of a building without a prior failure of some building components. The technology of construction can never guarantee complete elimination of some degree of failure because of the fact that structures settle down, however slightly, on completion, as a result of consolidation of subsoil imposed by the weight of the structure.
Depending on the magnitude of this movement, failure can develop. Professional bodies tend not to accept the responsibility for the incidence of building collapses as a result of component failure in Nigeria but rather put the heavy blame on the occupants. Rather, each of the bodies that represent town planners, quantity surveyors, engineers, architects, builders and building organisation will often seek to attribute blame outside the profession. The loss of materials and money cost of remedial measure, infliction of permanent injury, loss of life and so on, which result from building component failure, are both monetarily and psychologically significant. The rate of failure of building components in Nigeria is a cause for concern and as such demands urgent attention. Precautionary measure will start once designers take a total measure of their designs and become sensitive to the financial and psychological implication of any failure of the building components both during and after completion.
Some numbers of Nigerian structures are often inadequately maintained and even badly situated in term of location and windows, doors and other building elements and facilities frequently show evidence of lack of maintenance and repair. Certain residential and office buildings in Lagos, Nigeria have not seen right significant maintenance or show little signs of maintenance since they were constructed, some years back. This is evident as there many cases of building collapse in the state. This lack of maintenance by authorities and occupants of these structures often leads to reduced lifespan of these buildings as stated by Melvin (1992), which invariably defeat the purpose for which they are put i.e. To ensure that the nation's stock of buildings, both as a factor of production and accommodation, was used effectively as possible.
Studies have revealed the effects of countless factors affecting maintenance and defects of buildings. Adejimi (2005) revealed twelve factors affecting the maintenance strength of building as design resolution, structural strength, specified materials strength, maintenance manual, safety measures, skill maintenance personnel, maintenance plants and environmental factors. While Olagunju (2012) identified factors that influence the level of maintenance of public building standard. in the study eight factors were identified to be significant to physical condition of public building. The variables include architectural components condition, interior and exterior factors like; electrical wiring, toilet facilities, roofing, discharge of waste water component condition of walkways within the building surroundings. To evaluate the factors affecting building defects, Addleson (1977) concluded that natural factors can be summarized into three group of dampness, movement and chemical and biological change. Lack of adequate care and fallibility of people that initiate, design, construct and maintain buildings, accentuated by their educational, practice and commercial environment are the ultimate factors responsible for defects of building.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most buildings in Nigeria are faced with maintenance challenges resulting in decreasing and ultimate defects of various levels. While the 1984 version of BS 3811 defined maintenance as the combination of all technical and associated administrative actions aimed at retaining an item and bring it to a level in which it can be performed its expected function, BS 3811(1974) defined building maintenance as work done to keep a building in, or restore it to its initial state, or to a currently acceptable standard. To retain implies that defects are prevented from developing by carrying out work in anticipation of failure. To restore means that minor defects had already occurred before they are corrected. For facilities to continue to perform its expected functions, some degrees of improvement are therefore needed on the longevity of the building as standards of comfort and amenity arise where there are primary requirements for maintenance. The acceptable standard must not be less than that necessary to meet them and the acceptable standard must sustain the utility and value of the facility. This study will therefore investigate the assessment for controlling of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria.
1.3 Research Questions
The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
- What is the prevalence of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria?
- What are the effects of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria?
- What are the reasons for dampness in an existing building in Nigeria?
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The main aim of this study is to investigate the assessment for controlling of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria. The specific objectives include:
- To identify the prevalence of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria
- To survey the effects of dampness in an existing building in Nigeria
- To inquire the reasons for dampness in an existing building in Nigeria
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will help to intimate the government by giving them power to enforce law and safe guard the lives and properties of the citizenry that lives in housing general and life of the buildings by ensuring strict enforcement of housing and safety policies.
It will also enlighten developers on the needs for them to involve professionals in construction in order to avoid structural failure and collapse of buildings. It will serve as a foundation upon which research of this kind can be conducted and will also add to the related literature in the area of urban and regional planning.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study will be carried out among selected housing estates in Lagos State, Nigeria. Information collected from these workers shall be subjected to further analysis and the results got from it shall be final.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
The study will be faced with a lot of challenges and one it the problem of finance. There is not going to be enough funds to print questionnaires and to also transport the researcher to meet the desired respondents. Another one is time; the researcher is currently busy with the demand of his academics. A lot of assignments are available for the researcher to do and coupled with his desire to read and learn at the same time. These are the major challenges of this study.
1.8 Definitions of Terms
The following terms were used in the course of this study:
Assessment:
The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.
Building Collapse:
A building undergoes progressive collapse when a primary structural element fails, resulting in the failure of adjoining structural elements, which in turn causes further structural failure.
Controlling:
Determine the behavior or supervise the running of.
Dampness:
The presence of unwanted moisture in the structure of a building, either the result of intrusion from outside or condensation from within the structure. A high proportion of damp problems in buildings are caused by condensation, rain penetration or rising damp.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Assessment for Controlling of Dampness in an Existing Building in Nigeria can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Assessment for Controlling of Dampness in an Existing Building in Nigeria" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “The Role of Manager in Small Scale Business Organization” be used as a guide for Entrepreneurship Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to investigate the role of manager in small scale business organization using Zenith Bank Kafanchan Kaduna State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the impact of manager to the success of Small Scale Business organization, examine if manager can influence employees to achieve organizational goal and verify if goal setting could be achieved without the manager. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 80 (eighty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested …
Can this topic “Investigation Into the Causes, Effects and Remedies of Fraud in the Public Sector” be used for Finance Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes, effect and remedies of fraud in the public sector. The methodology used in collecting the data for this study was from primary and secondary sources and the statically tools used in analyzing the primary data were the percentage and frequency table and the spearman rank order correlation coefficient (rs). From the result of the analysis carried out, it was found that there s significant relationship between absence of a well designed internal control system in the public sector and increase in fraud in the organizations. Also, it was observed that lack of effective auditing, accountability, computerized accounting system, lack of staff motivation, etc were the major causes of fraud in the public …
Can the material for “Web Based Child Care Information System” be used as a guide for Information System Project?
Yes it can be used — Child care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child’s legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child’s immediate family. This research work is aimed at developing a Child Care Information System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were set out to have a system that will be used to establish an efficient means of managing and tracking children in Daycare, design a system that will contain a reliable database of different children, present a system that will enable management and staff of Olinz daycare centre to have proper knowledge of children tracking system, have a system that will be cost effective as regards to children daycare, and design …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Web Based Live Chat Communication System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Web Based Live Chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. The aim of the study is to Design and Implement a Web Based Live Chat Application that will allow users within an intranet / internet connection to engage in private and public conversations. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop a conceptual design for a secure, accessible and user-friendly web based Live Chat Application, and perform tests on the said system to assure functionality, accessibility and usability of the system. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that, group work cannot be done …
Can this topic “Mortgage Banking in Nigeria Historical Development Achievement and Problems” be used for Banking and Finance (BF) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This is a research on mortgage Banking in Nigeria Historical development Achievement and problems the research sorted to know for the existence of mortgage banking has been fect by the people and to the extent their objectives has been achieved. In carrying out this research the researcher made us of oral interview and questionnaire and the finding were that mortgage bank role towards the economic development has been felt through many areas of their promotional activities such as loan advancement home and house revaluation and refurbishment e.t.c. Therefore, it was this base that the researcher made the conclusion that mortgage banking has been appreciated by the people and that their major objectives has been greatly achieved. …
Can the material for “Problem Encountered by Married Female Secretaries in Imo State Ministries” be used as a guide for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to determine the Problem Encountered by Married Female Secretaries in Ministries in Imo State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out whether the secretarial function of married female secretarial staff in selected business in Owerri Metropolis pose a problem to them, determine the factors responsible for these challenges and determine whether their human relation competencies are affected by marital obligation in selected business in Owerri Metropolis. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of …
Can the material for “Language of Gender Discrimination in African Literary Works (In Purple Hibiscus and Yellow-Yellow)” be used as a guide for English Language Project?
Yes it can be used — This project basically examine the language of gender discrimination in African literary works with special reference to PURPLE HIBISCUS and YELLOW-YELLOW. In the past few years, women folk have been rendered invisible or stereotyped by their male counterparts. As a result, women voices are not heard, they are relegated to the background. Gender is a central organizing principle of societies and often governs the processes of production and reproduction, consumption, and distribution. Gender roles are the ‘social definition’ of women and men, and vary among different societies and cultures, classes and ages, and during different periods in history. They vary greatly across the Nile Basin and sub-Saharan Africa at large. Gender-specific roles and responsibilities are often conditioned by household structure, access …
Can the material for “The Effects of Processing Methods on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Sorghum and Sweet Potato” be used as a guide for Biochemistry Project?
Yes it can be used — This study evaluated “the effects of processing methods on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato and sorghum flour”. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important food crop in the tropical and sub-tropical countries and belongs to the family convolvulaceae. Sweet potatoes are rich in dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, tocopherol and β-carotene. The proximate composition of sweet potato was determined and these include moisture, lipids, ash, protein, carbohydrates and fiber. In carrying out the analysis practically, methods used vary according to the food material. The antioxidants were also determined alongside with phenol oxidase, pasting properties, minerals and sweet potato contents. Sorghum is a tropical plant belonging to the family of poaceae. More than 35% …
Can this topic “Challenges of School Library Development” be used for Library and Information Science (LIS) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — School libraries are very essential in primary and secondary education. They are established and maintained to serve and support the educational activities of the school. The study was carried out to investigate the Challenges of School Library Development in Akaeze Ebonyi State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to find out the extent quantity of library resources in school libraries meet professional standards, investigate the problems militating against school libraries in meeting professional standards and assess library resources for meeting secondary schools professional standards in the area under study. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 …
Can the material for “A Study of Wind Powered Turbine Generation” be used as a guide for Electrical / Electronics Engineering (EE) Project?
Yes it can be used — The research paper assesses the wind powered turbine generation. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity using wind turbines. The (PHCH) Power Holding Company of Nigeria Plc, effort to provide us with a regular power supply has not yet been achieved. And it is because of the search for another means of power generation that necessitated the development of wind turbine. The wind energy is abundant in several parts. Among the numerous natural energy resources that Nigeria was blessed with, wind is among the once in great quantity. Wind can be used in conjunction with turbines to produce electricity in isolation to supply numerous consumers. The PHCN can as well use it to …