ASSESSING THE ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA) SEED EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
ABSTRACT
The high prevalence, complications and cost of conventional drugs in the management diabetes necessitated the search for alternative treatment. As a result, this study seeks to evaluate the composition, anti-diabetic potential toxicity and tissue-protective effects of both the water and methanolic extracts of Persea americana (avocado pear) seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were investigated. This study was conceived and designed based on information on the local use of the seed in diabetes treatment. Proximate and anti-nutritional constituents of the seed were determined and 100g of the sample was extracted with 1000ml of both water and methanol using the maceration method.
The extracts were evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator and stored at 4oC until use. The effects of different doses (200mg/kg.b.wt., 300/kg.b.wt.) of both water and methanolic extracts of P. americana seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were compared with those of a reference drug, insulin. The glucose level and weight of the rats were measured weekly for 21 days. The liver function tests and the histopathologies of the liver, and kidneys, were investigated. Results of the proximate investigation shows that the seed is rich in carbohydrate (49.03± 0.02 g/100g), lipid (17.90± 0.14 g/100g), protein (15.55± 0.36 g/100g) moisture (15.10± 0.14 g/100g) and ash (2.26±0.23 g/100g). Anti nutritional components such as total oxalate (14.98±0.03 mg/100g), tannin (6.98±0.04 mg/100g) and phytic acid (3.18±0.16 mg/1 00g).
Results also showed that both the water and methanolic extracts exhibited significant anti-diabetic effects on the experimental rats. However, the methanolic extracts showed a better anti diabetic effect than the water extracts. The extracts showed no significant effects on the liver function parameters (bilirubin, conjugate bilirubin, AST, ALP and ALT) compared with the normal control but rather reversed the histopathological damage that occurred in alloxan-induced albino diabetic rats. In conclusion, the present study provides a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of P. americana seeds extracts in the management of Diabetes mellitus. It seems P. americana seed contains substantial amount of nutrients that could warrant its utilization in animal feed or food. However, further studies are required to in dentify the active ingredient responsible for the anti-diabetic properties of the seed extract.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
During the past decade, the traditional systems have gained importance in the field of medicine. The World Health Organization estimates that 4 billion people, 80% of the world population (WHO, 2002), presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care (Orisataoki and Oguntibeju, 2010). Eighty percent (80%) of African populations use some form of traditional herbal medicine (WHO, 2002.) and the worldwide annual market for these products approaches US$ 60 billion (Willcox and Bodeker, 2004). Herbal medicine is a major component in all indigenous people’s traditional medicine. Medicinal plants have continued to attract attention in global search for effective methods of using plants parts (e.g. seeds, leaves, stems, roots, barks etc) for the treatment of many diseases affecting humans (Sofowora, 2008). This is as a result of the continuous need for less expensive means of disease control.
Medicinal plants are plants which can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs (Sofowora, 2008). Many important drugs used in healthcare today are directly derived from plants due to its bioactive constituents such as; alkaloids, tannins, steroids, etc. Examples include L-Dopa derived fromMucuna spp used for anti-parkinsonism, another is Caffeine, a CNS stimulant derived from Camellia sinensis and Quinine from Cinchona ledgeriana and used for Antimalarial, antipyretic.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Assessing the Anti-Diabetic Effects of Avocado (Persea Americana) Seed Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Assessing the Anti-Diabetic Effects of Avocado (Persea Americana) Seed Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can this topic “Effect of Information Technology on the Performance of the Office Manager” be used for Human Resource Management (HRM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — We live in a digital world in which the amount of information available for human consumption doubles every three years. As information users we expect reliable information at our fingertips, continual connection to people wherever they are, and equipment that fits into a top pocket. Whether we are consumers, clients, students, professors, employees or managers, we expect the digital world to work for us. The concept of information overload is not new, but with the continued growth of digital technology and the plethora of tools and channels for digital communication, the challenge of managing all that information is not getting smaller, and it is increasingly everyone’s responsibility to deal with it. …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Image Transfer System in a Wide Area Network” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Computer image is the acquisition, processing and display of using computers. The aim of the study is to Design and implement a Computerized Image Transfer System in a Wide Area Network. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop an application software that will Enable users to easily host, store and backup image data, with high-performance computing easy to retrieve and make image file available to the end-user at any point in time. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that many business firms have not seen it as necessary to embark on internet services. It is usually difficult to transfer images from one place to the other, most especially …
Can the material for “Effect of Leadership Style on Workers Performance in an Organization” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it can be used — Leadership style plays an important role in the motivation of workers performance. The style of leading adopted by a manager can affect the performance of the subordinates. It is important that before any leader adopts any style of leading, he should first of all understand the nature and characteristics of the subordinates since this can affect his performance. The purpose of this study is therefore, to examine the effect of leadership style on workers performance among the staff of federal polytechnic of Nasarawa. For this purpose, data was collected through questionnaire from the administrative staff of the institution. The chi square test was used to analyze the data, from the findings it was discovered that the participative style of leadership …
Can the material for “Design and Implementation of a Computerized Drug Monitoring Agent Case Filling System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Drug Monitoring Agency Case Filing System is a system process made available by the Court for electronic drug case submission of documents. The aim of the study is to design and implement a Computerized Drug Monitoring Agent Case Filling System. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to develop an application software that will make sure that Nigeria’s partake in the habit of fighting against Drug Abuse like other countries and present illicit cultivation production main effective of illicit trafficking of hard drugs which begins to take place in Nigeria. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that the existing system encounters some logic problem including vehicles that are not …
Can the material for “Masquerade of Afiolu Festival in Ihiala” be used as a guide for Fine Arts Project?
Yes it can be used — This study was carried out to assess the masquerade of Afiolu festival in Ihiala LGA of Anambra state. The study revealed that Anambra state has a lot of tourism attractions that are innumerable because the state has twenty-one local government areas with over two hundred towns but emphasis was laid on the Afolu festival in Ihiala LGA. The aim of the study is to assess the Masquerade of Afiolu Festival in Ihiala. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to identify to what extent the role of masquerade in afiolu festival influence Ihiala people, find out the extent those activities that feature in the festival affect Ihiala people, identify the origin are concept of afiolu festival …
Can the material for “Maritime Fraud and Its Effect on Competitiveness of Nigerian Port” be used as a guide for Transport Management Technology Project?
Yes it can be used — Maritime fraud is an international trade transaction involves several parties – buyer, seller, ship owner, charterer, ship’s master or crew, insurer, banker broker or agent. The study was carried out to examine the Maritime Fraud and its Effect on Competitiveness of Nigerian Port. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the level of maritime fraud, identify how the maritime fraud can be combated and identify how the maritime fraud can be combated. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 250 (two hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of …
Can the material for “The Role of Care Managers in Handling of Patients with Criminal Background in Military Reception Station” be used as a guide for Criminology and Security Studies Project?
Yes it can be used — Care Managers have a legal and moral obligation to ensure a high quality of patient care and to strive to improve care. The study scrutinizes the Role of Care Managers in Handling of Patients with Criminal Background in Military Reception Station using Ada Barrack in Taraba State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to examine the health condition of Patients with Criminal Background, assess the environmental condition of Nigeria, assess the benefit to effective health care delivery in Nigeria, examine the challenges to achieving an effective health care delivery system for prison inmates and recommend ways of improving health care delivery in Nigeria Military Reception Station. The research design used in …
Can the material for “Minimum Wage and Workers Productivity in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be used — This work tries to examine the impact of minimum wages on workers productivity in Nigeria. Public enterprises, with reference to Anambra State Board of Internal revenue. The study was borne out of the fact that workers are not adequately motivated in the organization. The study adopted survey design with a total population of 326 and a sample size of 180 which was determined through Yaro Yamane sampling Technique. Questionnaires and interview were the instrument used in generating data for the study. It was found out that there is a relationship between minimum wage motivates worker for higher productivity. It was also found out that the organization often motivates workers with wages incentives. The study concludes that human resource is a …
Can this topic “Manpower Training and Development as Policy Tools for Organisational Effectiveness” be used for Industrial Relations and Personnel Management (IRPM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — Staffs training development are indispensable features if an establishment is achieving its aims in an environment that is ever dynamic and volatile. In the same vein, establishments operate policies the making of which employees may have input. In line with the above, this study is an investigation into the impact of training and development on organizational effectiveness within the financial service sector. With reference to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc, Lagos, the researcher relied on primary data obtained from the staff of the organization by means of questionnaire administration. The sample size of the research was determined from the staff strength using the random sampling method. The results of tested hypotheses revealed that training and development of employees increase efficiency …
Can this topic “Impact of Environment Factors on Employee Participation in Decision Making” be used for Office Technology and Management (OTM) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The study determines the Impact of Environment Factors on Employee Participation in Decision Making using Ihitte Uboma Local Government Council of Imo State as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to ascertain workers level of involvement in the decision making process of their work places, establish the general attitude of workers towards employee participation in management decision making, determine factors which aid or hinder the observed level of participation, and investigate the implications of environment factors on employee participation to workers and their organizations. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the …