ANALYSIS OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA'S AQUEOUS AND METHANOIC EXTRACT'S PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

ABSTRACT

Celosia argentea is used traditionally for the treatment of wounds, dysentary, fatique, menstral bleeding, osteoporosis, Atheros-clerosis etc. This investigation was aimed to analyze the phytochemical (phyto constituents) that is present in the aqueous and methanoic extracts of celosia argentea leaf and also the antimicrobial activity of celosia argentea leaf extracts. It was done to extract the bioactive compounds from this medicinal plant which permits the demonstration of their physiological activity.

The powdered leaf was subjected to extractions using a polar solvent which was distilled water (100ml) and 100ml of methanol using soxhlet extractor. The anti-microbial activity was also carried out by inoculating different micro-organisms like staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, candida albicans and Aspergillusniger into different nutrient agar dish by streaking method.

The extracts were then introduced into the bored well in the solidified agar dish and were incubated at 1210C for 24hrs. The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the leaf extract of celosia argentea contain phenols ,saponins, anthranoids, anthraquinone, alkaloids, tannins and phylobatannins.

The microbial activity revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 125mg/ml to 250mg/ml.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

In recent days, substantial number of drugs are developed or obtained from plant as plant is the major sources of medicine. Great attention has been given to medicinal plants because they are very important in the safety of the communities. The use of herbal medicinefor the treatment of diseases and infections is as old as mankind. (Patel et al, 1993). It began from the first appearance of man on earth. A large proportion of the drugs emanated from ethnobotanical knowledge of the traditional use of plant.

The World health organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world population presently uses herbal medicine for primary health care. The traditional use of plant in native cultures are manifold and divers as many people still depend on plant for their medicine, food, economy, dyes etc. In traditional societies, nutrition and health care are strongly interconnected and many plants have been consumed as both food and for medicinal purposes.

(karthiyayini and Nithiya, 2015). The curative agents or properties of these medicinal plants are as a result of the presence of various complex chemical substances of different compositions which are referred to as secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites are grouped into flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, carotenoids, atropine, anthraquinine, saponins, phylobatannins, anthranoids etc.

Some of these plants have been analyzed scientifically for the antimicrobial activity while many of the plant products are seen to inhibit the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms. With the increasing frequency in side effects and the resistance of pathogenic micro-organisms built up against antibiotics, alternative antimicrobial strategies are persistently required, which may be to seek structurally novel antibiotics that have entirely different mechanisms of actions from the currently used agents or to employ plants in crude form which show potent effect due to their complex chemical composition and synergistic action. This has led to a re-evaluation of therapeutic use of ancient remedies, such as plants and plant based products. (Mandal and Mandal, 2011). Therefore, there is need to study the plant and plant products for the activities of resistant bacteria. Recently, the interest to investigate the phytochemical composition of medicinal plant and its pharmacological activity is growing gradually in the minds of researchers and research concerning it, is going on.

Antimicrobial activity so far considered empirical, have been analyzed scientifically and confirmed in celosia argentea leaf extract. The whole plant of celosia argentea is traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases, diarrhea, wounds, ulcers, bleeding nose, piles. Also, disinfectant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulanting, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-bacterial activities have been reported in the extracts and its constituents. (Nidavani et al, 2013).

1.2 Aims / Objectives of the Study

The aim is to ascertain the phytochemical compounds and the antimicrobial activity of celosia argentea leaf extracts.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The high cost of orthodox medicines, the increasing problem of drug resistant and the treatment problems, has led to the frequent use of herbal medicine by people to cure diseases. Celosia has been used in treating mouth sores, wounds, ulcers, blood diseases, eye problems, chest problems, intestinal worms, lack of vitamins such as vitamin A and C etc.

Exploitation of local sources like celosia argentea leaf can be of benefit to the sufferers of the above mentioned diseases and other deficiencies. Again, the quest for balanced diet with the six classes of food is of great concerns to Nigerians and the exploitation of celosia argentea which is believed to contain considerable amount of proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, minerals, fats and oils will bring a definite end to the malnutrition in the country.

1.4 Significance of the Study

At the end of this study, people will be enlightened and educated on the usefulness and antimicrobial effects of celosia argentea from the information that will be generated at the course of studying this particular plant.

1.5 Scope of the Study

This work will cover areas such as:

Antimicrobial effects of celosia argentea, aqueous and methanoic extracts.
Benefits of celosia argentea as regards to its nutritional values.
Medicinal uses of celosia argentea leaves and flowers.
Culinary uses and plant uses of celosia argentea.
The phytochemical constituents of celosia agentea leaf extract.

…

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …

Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material

Analysis of Celosia Argentea’s Aqueous and Methanoic Extract’s Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.

Seminar Material Cost
₦3,000

Project Material Cost
₦5,000

Request Complete Material

Complete Material Chapters of Analysis of Celosia Argenteas Aqueous and Methanoic Extracts Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;

Preliminary Pages,
Chapter 1-5,
References and Appendix.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Aims/objectives of the study

1.3 Statement of the problem

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Scope of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review

2.1 Classification of celosia argentea

2.2 Cultivation of celosia argentea

2.3 Environmental requirement for cultivation

2.4 Uses of celosia argentea

2.4.1 Culinary uses

2.4.2 Plant uses

2.4.3 Medicinal uses

2.4.4 Nutritional uses

2.4.5 Horticultural uses

2.4.6 Traditional uses

2.5 Methods of extraction of natural products

2.5.1 Maceration

2.5.2 Percolation

2.5.3 Soxhlet extraction

2.5.4 Pressurized solvent extraction

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods

3.1 Materials used

3.2 Methods

3.2.1 Collection of plant material

3.2.2 Preparation of plant materials

3.3.0 Phytochemical analysis

3.3.1 Test for saponins

3.3.2 Test for anthranoids

3.3.3. Test for anthroquine

3.3.4 Test for phenols

3.3.5 Test for alkaloids

3.3.6 Test for tannins

3.3.7 Test for phylobatannins

3.3.8 Test for cardiac glycoside

3.4 Antimicrobial activity

3.4.1 Preparation of nutrient agar

3.4.2 Inoculation of the micro-organism

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results and discussion

4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendations

REFERENCES

Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Analysis of Celosia Argentea's Aqueous and Methanoic Extract's Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the material for “Formation of Schiff’s Base (Acacen) Using Ethylenediamine and Effect of pH on Zinc (II) Ion on Coated Silica Gel by Column Method” be used as a guide for Science Laboratory Technology (SLT) Project?

Yes it can be used — Acetylacetone ethylenediamine (ACACEN) is a Schiff base resulting from the condensation of pentan-2,4-dione and 1,2-diaminoethane. Solid-phase extraction of Zn (II) by column method in the pH range 1-12 have been studied in trichloromethane using acetylacetone ethylenediamine (ACACEN). Zn (II) extraction using 2% ACACEN in CHCl3 is sufficient or abundant in the pH of 5.0. The aqueous ACACEN shows a maximum absorption at 320nm.The Zn (II) complex has maximum absorption at 572nm. The acid dissociation constants of H2B (ACACEN) are obtained of by titrating with 0.179M NaOH and are found to be pKaiD = 11.55 and PKa2D = 11.55 corresponding to the formation of HB- and B2 respectively. pKaIDand pKa2D share the common value since H2B (ACACEN) has two ionizable hydrogen atoms …

Can this topic “The Moral Decadence in Nietzsche’s Philosophical Writings” be used for Philosophy Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — The study scrutinizes the Moral Decadence in Nietzsche's Philosophical Writing. Thus the major task of this work is to assess the religious and moral demise of Nietzsche and restore the supreme value to its place in the world. Nietzsche's writing spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Nietzsche identifies is his constant critique of morality all throughout his work. Down the stages of the history of philosophy, the modern philosophy of consciousness, attention has been directed to the mastery of the natural world. This is a period whose character of rational optimism was diametrically opposed to tradition and authority upon which stood the veracity and logic of primitive religion. It has …

Can the material for “An Appraisal of Social Responsibility on Corporate Organization” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?

Yes it can be used — The research work took a look at an appraisal of social responsibility practice by Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMMCO) Emene, Enugu. In an attempt to get to the root of the matter being investigated, four research questions and four hypotheses were proposed. The chi square statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The researcher adopted the survey approach. The population of the study is five hundred and ninety (590) staff while the sample size is two hundred and thirty eight (238). The researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data was generated through the use of questionnaires and oral interview. The secondary data was sourced through the use of textbooks, journals including newspaper prints from library. …

Can the material for “An Assessment of Public Relations Strategies in the Nigeria Financial Institutions” be used as a guide for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?

Yes it can be used — The research work titled an assessment of public relations strategies in the Nigerian financial institution which focused on UBA bank Gboko is aimed at evaluating the duty of public relations in the banking sector which the researcher employed some research method in explaining the method which the research is been carried out. Public Relations is the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their organizational consequences, counseling management and implementing planned programme of action which will serve both the organization and its publics. It is in this light that United Bank for Africa of Nigeria Plc as an organization needs to adopt and implement public relations strategies which is also the role of public relations in building a favorable image for …

Is the topic “Knowledge and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women of Childbearing Age” recommended for Midwifery Project?

Yes it is highly recommended — Cervical screening is the process of detecting and removing abnormal tissue or cells in the cervix before cervical cancer develops. The aim of the study is to examine the Knowledge and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women of Childbearing Age. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out as follows to: determine the knowledge and acceptability of Cervical Cancer Screening, assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical cancer and screening among Women of Child Bearing Age, carry out health education on cervical cancer and screening, which is the intervention group, and assess the effect of health education on knowledge, attitude and uptake of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Adeniran Ogunsanya College …

Can the material for “Factors Affecting the Implementation of Immunization in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Public Health Project?

Yes it can be used — The study was carried out to scrutinize the Factors Affecting the Implementation of Immunization using Polio Immunization in Northern Nigeria as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to understand the factors affecting the implementation of immunization, identify the problem of immunization, and understand the attitudes of parents toward immunizing their children in Northern Nigeria. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested using the one-way ANOVA and the t-test …

Can the material for “Causes of Examination Malpractice Among Secondary School Students” be used as a guide for Physical and Health Education Project?

Yes it can be used — Examination malpractice is an unlawful behavior or activity engaged in by students to have personal advantage in an examination over their colleagues or mates who are taking the same examination. The study was carried out to investigate the Causes of Examination Malpractice among Secondary School Students. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to assess the effect of examination malpractice in secondary schools and investigate the causes of examination malpractice in secondary institutions in Delta state and Okpe Local Government Area in particular. Investigation revealed that the menace of examination malpractice has done in a calculable average not only to our educational system but also to our national economic life and social life of the country. …

Can this topic “Influence of Teaching Practices on the Delivery of Quality Instruction in Secondary School” be used for Education Project?

Yes it can be utilized for research — Teaching practice as an important component of becoming a teacher, teaching practice grants student - teachers experience in the actual teaching and learning environment. The study was carried out to examine the Impact of Teaching Practice on the Productivity of Quality Teachers in Secondary School in Obio/Akpor LGA of Rivers State. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate relationship between problem faced by student teacher during teaching practices and their performance and examine the recent experiences in the teaching practices among Undergraduates Education Students with a view to highlighting the methodologies adopted and proposing areas that need improvement. This research work is to find out the problems and prospects of the teaching practice programme …

Can the material for “Design and Implementation of Expert System on Computer Fault Detection and Repair” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?

Yes it can be used — Most often, the printing of very important reports have been stopped midway owing to some minor faults on the computer/printer system. At times, due to the complexity of the faults some maintenance personnel find it difficult beginning to perform detailed diagnosis due to lack of specialized equipment, some of which are available only to a few big firms due to their high cost of acquisition. As the case may be, some of those faults may be such that will require a very fundamental knowledge of printer maintenance, making use of minor tools. Once the actual causes are identified. This project “EXPERT SYSTEM ON TROUBLE − SHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE OF EPSON PRINTER” looks at trouble shooting and maintenance information for non-computer/printer engineers. …

Is the topic “The Effect of Groundwater Contamination in Nigeria” recommended for Environmental Science Project?

Yes it is highly recommended — Groundwater is the main source of water for domestic use in Nigeria because it is perceived to be clean. The study was carried out to investigate the Effect of Groundwater Contamination in Nigeria. In Nigeria, inadequate supply of pipe borne water is a major concern; hence many homes have wells as a source of water for household uses. The groundwater of twelve wells in Agbowo community was assessed for Total Aerobic Bacteria Counts (TABC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC). Physiochemical analysis carried out showed that these Groundwater where in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Standard. The Groundwater cultured on bacteriological media showed the presence of coliform bacteria and other pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria isolate form the water samples are; …