ACCESSIBILITY TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Kenya has a population of approximately 44 million people. Health services are provided through a network of over 4,700 health facilities countrywide, with the public sector ac-counting for about 51% of these facilities. The best quality of care is found at the national referral hospitals, which provide diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative services. Kenya spent 5.1% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on healthcare in 2002. Life expectancy is also on the decline. In 2006, the child mortality rate was 78 per 1,000 live births. Among the Kenyans who are ill and choose to seek care, 44% were hindered by cost and corruption. Another 18% were hindered by the long distance to the nearest health facility.
Basic primary care is provided at primary healthcare centers and dispensaries. The purpose of this paper is to create awareness of the current healthcare system in Kenya, its accessibility and enlighten on storage healthcare records. Some Kenyans are unable to access healthcare services due to various reasons. One of them is the distance to the health centers in relation to transport and urgency for treatment. Another problem is the cost of healthcare especially in the rural areas where a good number of civilians are below poverty level. There are also the benefits that the healthcare system will gain from introducing a computerized method of medical record storage to better identify the patients and render better healthcare services.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Kenya has a massively growing population but more than half of its population makes up the majority poor (Tumbo-Oeri, 2000). People living under the poverty line do not have enough earnings for their basic needs, food, water and shelter. They are therefore the people who rely most on government subsidies for health care. Unfortunately, they face many barriers in accessing health care and usually end up receiving poorer services than the minority rich population.
The Ministry of Health, MOH is the main organization that heads the Kenyan health care system. It gives the stipulations of health care and plays a big role in making the rules of the health care personnel. There are three main sectors of health care: the public sector which represents all government owned health care facilities, the private sector which collaborates private individuals and institutions and the non-profit making organ-izations which include organizations like churches which form health care facilities that are non-profit-making.
There are about 4, 700 health care facilities in Kenya that cater to the population of 44 million residents. The public sector serves more than half the citizens of Kenya and ac-counts for about 51% of all health care needs. The reason it takes precedence over the private sector is that more residents of Kenya can afford care at the government owned health care facilities as the prices are greatly subsidized and some services are offered free in public health care facilities. The main national referral hospitals in the country are the Kenyatta National Hospital, in Nairobi and the Moi Referral and Teaching Hos-pital in Eldoret, all of which are government-owned structures. This paper focuses on the government-owned health care facilities (public sector).
As a result of the high population, the Kenyan government has tried to provide equity in the health care system so as to effectively alienate human suffering and improve life-styles of her citizens. The Kenyan medical system is marred by many factors that render accessibility and delivery of health care difficult. These factors include poor govern-ance, overreliance on donor funds, corruption, nepotism, traditional and cultural beliefs of the citizens, a lack of a medical filing system, lack of efficient infrastructure, massive poverty and illiteracy.
One of the main economic activities that bring great revenue in Kenya is agriculture. This is a highly manual labour that requires lots of productivity and good health care of her citizens ensures great productivity at work too thus lowering the poverty level.
Proper health care is of importance in reducing poverty and increasing the economic growth because as it is, general unwellness of the citizens renders Kenya poorer. Most adults are unable to access proper medical care thus staying away from their workplaces on long sick leaves. These long sick leaves end up reducing the economic growth.
The set Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) focus on the improvement of health as well as enhancing human life on a global scale. There are 8 set MDGs and three of them relate to the improvement of health care provision to human beings. The three goals aim at improving maternal health, reducing child mortality as well as enhancing the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Kenya is currently battling the HIV/AIDS pandemic and malaria is one of leading causes of death in Kenya. Maternal health has lots of room for improvement in order to reduce the mortality of infants and loss of maternal deaths.
Inaccessibility to health care in Kenya is mainly evidenced by the gap between the wealthy and the poor citizens. The rich among the society are able to pay an extra amount to have their health care needs met appropriately and fast while the poor have no option but to accept whatever care they receive, at whatever time the care is availed. The health care of these poor majorities is greatly minimized by the favouritism greatly showed to the rich minorities.
The poverty level in Kenya in a study conducted in the rural areas in Kenya in 2007 linking poverty levels to the geographical conditions was estimated to be at 45%. This report showed that almost half of the 44 million residents of Kenya live under a dollar per day. This is equivalent to living under Kenyan Sh105 a day (Okwi et al, 2012).
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The review of relevant literature is the main topic of this chapter. A literature review covers theoretical and methodological contributions to a certain issue in addition to the state of knowledge at the time of writing. It provides information about the state of the art in relation to the subject you are writing about. It examines the body of work on the chosen subject. The literature evaluation in this study comprises the …
Procedure for Downloading the PDF (Docx) Material
Accessibility to the Health Care System can be downloaded by requesting the full set of materials at the project or seminar cost. The document will be sent via Microsoft Word (MS-Word) format via WhatsApp (e-mail) following payment confirmation.
| Seminar Material Cost ₦3,000 | Project Material Cost ₦5,000 |
Request Complete Material
 | Click here to request the Complete Material via WhatsApp including;
|
TABLE OF CONTENTSPRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Accessibility to the Health Care System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
PRELIMINARY PAGES
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Contents
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION
- 1.0 Introduction
- ⋮
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Conceptual Review
- 2.3 Theoretical Framework
- ⋮
- 2.4 Empirical Studies
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Research Design
- 3.3 Population of Study
- 3.4 Sampling and Sampling Technique
- 3.5 Validation of Research Instrument
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Questionnaire Administration
- 3.9 Ethical Consideration
- 3.10 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Re-statement of Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
- 4.5 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary of Findings
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- 5.5 Suggestion for Further Study
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
Disclaimer for Complete Material Utilization
The displayed research work titled "Accessibility to the Health Care System" is stated as a research guideline towards accomplishing your assigned project / seminar research work. All the research materials on this website are ONLY for research purposes and should be used as a guideline in developing your research work. For no reason should you copy word for word as projectlist.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material. By ordering the complete research guideline, it signifies that you've accepted our terms of service.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can the material for “Cloud Based Teacher-Student Interaction System” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Teacher-student interaction includes such two-way feedback process as thoughts and feeling exchange and information impactation. The aim of the study is to design and develop a Cloud Based Teacher-Student Interaction System using Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti as a case study. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop a software that will establish teacher–student relationships development from daily classroom interactions between teacher and students, improve the study of how daily classroom interactions and teacher–student relationships influence each other, and experience the processes of a developmental time level denoted by the relatively stable state of certain human characteristics. The motivation of embarking on the research work is the Poor teacher–student relationships that are related to classroom management …
Can the material for “The Impact and Barriers of Evaluating the De-Risking Strategies” be used as a guide for Actuarial Science Project?
Yes it can be used — De-risking refers to the practice of financial institutions exiting relationships with and closing the accounts of clients perceived to be high risk. The study was carried out to examine the Impact and Barriers of Evaluating the De-Risking Strategies. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to identify the barriers to de-risking strategies in Nigerian banks and know whether de-risking strategy have any significant impact on Nigerian Banks. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents were selected for this study to represent the entire population of the study. For null hypotheses were formulated and tested …
Can the material for “An Investigation Into the Consequence of Drug and Related Substance Abuse on the Study Habit of Students” be used as a guide for Education Project?
Yes it can be used — The study Investigated into the consequence of drugs and related substance abuse on the study habits of students in Biology, Department of Federal College of Education, Abeokuta. The populations of the study are the biology students in the Department of Biology, School of Science, Federal College of Education Abeokuta, Ogun State. A total of ninety copies of the questionnaire was distributed to the three levels of the biology student, where simple percentage and frequency was used in data analysis. Based on the finding the consequence of drugs and related substances abuse are: Experimental curiosity, peer group influence, lack of parental supervision, personality problems due to socio-economic conditions. From the findings, drugs increase their sexual urge, helps to console them during the time of problem, …
Can the material for “Information and Communication Technology and Value Creation in Banking Service Delivery in Nigeria” be used as a guide for Mass Communication (MC) Project?
Yes it can be used — The study focuses on information technology in banks. Information technology is a body of tools with the convergence of communication and computer. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on customer’s service delivery. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to investigate how Information and communication Technology enhances customer’s satisfaction in United Bank of Africa, examine the benefits a customer derives from using ICT tool in United Bank for Africa, and identify the challenges militating against ICT operation in United Bank for Africa. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were …
Can the material for “Impact of Interest Rate Policy on Investment in the Nigeria Economy” be used as a guide for Economics Project?
Yes it can be used — The focus of this research work is based on the impact of interest rate policy on investment in the Nigerian economy between the period of 1981 − 2009. because interest rate and investment is at core of economic stabilization. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of interest rate policy on Nigeria prior to interest rate regulation in 1987 and to serve as a guide on how interest rate can be fixed to enhance effective accumulation of savings that can be channeled to investment. The study employed the ordinary least square technique which also employ. Secondary data obtained from the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The main findings revealed that there is a negative relationship …
Can the material for “Mobile Based Home Security System for Fire Detection and Intruders” be used as a guide for Computer Science (CS) Project?
Yes it can be used — Home Security systems in any various means are devices designed to guard person and property against broad hazards, including crime, fire accidents, espionage, sabotage, subversion and attack. The aim of the study is to develop a Security System with Mobile Application for Fire Detection and Intruders. In achieving this aim, the following specific objectives were laid out to develop the Home Security System with Mobile Application for Fire Detection and Intruders, design an accurate schedule plan for the project, and create a testing procedures to be done after the development of the project. The motivation that led to the proposed system is that in the existing system there is an inappropriate plan and design schedule for the project, insufficient materials needed …
Can this topic “The Impact of Manpower Planning on Achievement of Corporate Objectives of an Organization” be used for Public Administration (PA) Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — The need for organization to achieve its corporate objectives brought about the adoption of manpower planning in their management process. It is hoped that effective manpower planning of their employees would enhance their performances thereby contributing effectively in achieving organizational objectives. The research examines the impact of manpower planning on achievement of corporate objectives of an organization (A case study of Delta Glass Company Plc, Ughelli.) and its impact on both the employees and the organization as a whole with a specified objective of looking at its contributions to achieving its corporate objectives via the improvement of skill and knowledge of staff in an organization to enhance job satisfaction. In conducting the research work, personal interviews and questionnaires method were …
Can this topic “Effects of Mobile Phone Usage on Academic Performance of Students” be used for Education Project?
Yes it can be utilized for research — This research work was aimed at finding out the Effects of Mobile Phone Usage on Academic Performance of Students in Lagos State. Kosofe Local Government of the state was the focus and the practical investigation used four secondary schools in the LGA as a case study. Two questionnaires were drawn up/drafted, one for teachers, the other for students. 120 copies were made for students and 80 copies for teachers. The investigation was empirical. Teachers and students were sampled in the study. It was discovered that the use of mobile phones constituted a distraction to students and have negatively effectively affected their academic performance. It is essential to develop a curriculum that is inclusive of strategies of coping with mobile phone usage …
Can the material for “Effective Internal Control Measures as Tools for Transparency, Probity and Accountability in the Management of Public Resources” be used as a guide for Accounting and Finance Project?
Yes it can be used — The research work (Effective internal control measures as tools for probity, Transparency and accountability in the management of public resources) will identify the problems that lead to frond and mismanagement of public resources in local Government(s) The main objective of this project is to evaluate the role played by the management in resolving the inadequacy of internal control towards the achievement of planned objectives. The methodologies that will be adopted for the research are: self-administered internal control questionnaire, oral interviews, observation and literature review. For the fact that there is no project without limitations, the following constraint will be encountered financial constraints, lack of cooperation by some respondents and time constraints. In order to ensure probity and accountability in local …
Is the topic “Effect of Job Enrichment Techniques on Employee Performance” recommended for Business Administration and Management (BAM) Project?
Yes it is highly recommended — This study investigated effects of effect of job enrichment techniques on employee performance in Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State. Job enrichment is one of the cherished goals to achieve employee performance. It is essential to understand how job enrichment is a valuable tool for managing and fostering the successful employee performance. Enriched job consists of various elements like task significance, task identity and skill variety which improves the performance of employees and motivates them to perform zealously. This study intends to focus on the relationship between job enrichment and individual performance. It noted that job enrichment is that type of development in the job environment which may give a worker more challenge, more complete task, more obligation, more prospect for …